Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Technological Response To Environmental Variation

博士论文改进奖：环境变化的技术响应

• 批准号: 1821996
• 负责人: Fiona Marshall
• 金额: $ 0.75万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-05-01 至 2019-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1821996&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Award; Technological

Mica Jones, PhD Candidate at Washington University in St. Louis, will investigate how hunter-gatherer lifeways change and have diversified through time in response to large-scale climatic and environmental fluctuations. Scholars of non-food producing societies have noted close ties between resource availability and the organization of forager societies. In temperate regions, change among hunter-gatherers is often related to shifts in the amount of wild foods available during the year. In areas like the African tropics where resources do not vary significantly from season to season, climatic oscillations over hundreds or thousands of years are more important drivers of social and economic change in small scale human societies. The ways that broad shifts in climate patterns affect social strategies employed by people relying on wild resources in the tropics, however, are not well understood. The deep time perspective of archaeology provides a useful lens for investigating such shifts over long periods of time. This study will use archaeological data to examine the ways small-scale, non-food producing societies adapted to well-known climatic fluctuations over the last 20,000 years in eastern Africa. Findings will provide new information on the role that hunter-gatherer social flexibility had in shaping the social diversity of prehistoric eastern Africa. This doctoral dissertation research project will also further MS Jones academic and intellectual development.Mr. Jones will examine changing hunter-gatherer behavior in two distinct eastern African contexts: the wet, productive Lake Victoria basin of eastern Uganda and the more climatically-sensitive semi-arid plains of southern Somalia. By comparing wet and dry case studies, this research aims to understand how local environmental conditions influence hunter-gatherer decision-making when faced with ecological change. Using zooarchaeological and isotopic analyses, this study will examine changing hunting and site-use strategies as well as local rainfall patterns to track correlations in forager lifeways and environmental changes. In doing so, it will help fill an ever-widening data hole in a geographically important and politically sensitive part of the Horn of Africa today by providing new information on the long-term presence of people in prehistoric southern Somalia.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

圣路易斯华盛顿大学博士候选人的云母琼斯将调查猎人 - 采集者的生活道如何改变，并随着时间的流逝而多样化，以响应大规模的气候和环境波动。非食品生产社会的学者注意到，资源可用性与觅食社会的组织之间有着密切的联系。在温带地区，狩猎采集者之间的变化通常与一年中可用的野生食品的变化有关。在非洲热带地区，资源在各个季节之间的变化不大，数百或数千年的气候振荡是小型人类社会中社会和经济变化的更重要驱动因素。然而，气候模式的广泛转变会影响依靠热带地区野生资源的人们采用的社会策略的方式并没有很好地理解。考古学的深度观点为长时间的调查提供了一种有用的镜头。这项研究将使用考古数据来研究在过去20，000年中，小规模，非食品生产社会适应了众所周知的气候波动的方式。调查结果将提供有关猎人 - 采集者社会灵活性在塑造史前东非社会多样性中的作用的新信息。这个博士学位论文研究项目还将进一步进一步，琼斯女士的学术和知识发展。琼斯将在两种独特的东非环境中检查不断变化的狩猎采集行为：乌干达东部的潮湿，富有生产力的维多利亚湖盆地和索马里南部的气候敏感的半干旱平原。通过比较潮湿和干燥的案例研究，该研究旨在了解当地环境状况如何影响狩猎采集者在面临生态变化时的决策。使用动物考古学和同位素分析，本研究将检查不断变化的狩猎和现场使用策略以及局部降雨模式，以跟踪觅食者生命与环境变化的相关性。通过这样做，这将有助于在当今的地理上重要且对政治上具有政治敏感的一部分中填补一个不断扩大的数据孔，通过提供有关史前索马里史前人们长期存在的新信息。这项奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用该基金会的知识分子优点和广泛的影响来评估NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得的支持。

项目成果

Oxygen isotope analyses of mammalian tooth enamel confirm low seasonality of rainfall contributed to the African Humid Period in Somalia

哺乳动物牙釉质的氧同位素分析证实，降雨的低季节性导致了索马里的非洲湿润期

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Palaeogeography palaeoclimatology palaeoecology
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Reid, R.E.B.;Jones, M.B.;Brandt, S.A.;Bunn, H.T.;Marshall, F.
• 通讯作者: Marshall, F.