Enabling multi-messenger science with pulsar timing arrays

利用脉冲星计时阵列实现多信使科学

• 批准号: 1815664
• 负责人: Sarah Spolaor
• 金额: $ 38.69万
• 依托单位: West Virginia University Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1815664&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Enabling; multi; messenger; science; pulsar

Humanity is starting a new phase of exploration of the Universe. In the past two years gravitational waves have been directly detected, but so far, the most massive binaries in the Universe---supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs)---still hide from us, although there are traces of their influence in electromagnetic signals from the material around them. A targeted survey to find them in the electromagnetic band by the Very Large Array (VLA) and Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) will be used to refine models for their gravitational wave emission. Using the 12-15 years of data collected with NANOGrav, the world's leading pulsar timing array, combined with the models from VLA and VLBI, a systematic search will be made to either detect SMBHB systems for the first time, or to constrain their evolutionary processes in the event of a non-detection. This work will be a template for future "multi-messenger" searches that combine the domains of the electromagnetic and gravity to detect and study SMBHBs. Undergraduate students will take part in this research, which will give them excellent training in STEM. An innovative approach to STEM outreach, web-based presentations based on this research, in the form of "science advertisements" will be made to engage the public in the dawning era of gravitational astronomy.This research aims to detect gravitational and electromagnetic waves from binary and/or coalesced supermassive black holes (SMBHBs). A targeted search will be made using NANOGrav, a pulsar timing array, combined with a survey with the VLA and VLBA, radio interferometers, of nearby galaxy mergers that are prime candidates for current SMBHB hosts. The electromagnetic search component will provide added constraints on the systems and will work to raise NANOGrav's sensitivity to any resident SMBHBs. This "multi-messenger" search for nano-hertz frequency gravitational wave sources will make specific and unique statements about SMBHB evolution based on orbital constraints or detections obtained by the VLA, VLBI, and NANOGrav data. This survey will allow an in-depth study of the candidate targets using these complementary electromagnetic and gravitational wave search methods and will provide strict limits on the efficiency of binary evolution in post-merger galaxy systems. NANOGrav's sensitivity is improving and this research may lead to a detection and if not will serve as a template for future "multi-messenger" searches.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类正在开始对宇宙探索的新阶段。在过去的两年中，已直接检测到引力波，但到目前为止，宇宙中最庞大的二进制物---超级质量的黑洞二进制二进制（SMBHBS） - 仍然隐藏在我们身上，尽管它们在它们周围材料中的电磁信号中存在影响。一个针对性的调查，可通过非常大的阵列（VLA）和非常长的基线阵列（VLBA）在电磁带中找到它们，以优化其重力波发射的模型。 使用使用Nanograv收集的12 - 15年的数据，Nanograv是世界领先的PULSAR时序阵列，结合了VLA和VLBI的模型，将首次进行系统的搜索以首次检测SMBHB系统，或者在不进行未进行的情况下限制其进化过程。这项工作将是将来的“多理智”搜索的模板，该模板结合了电磁和重力的域以检测和研究SMBHB。本科生将参加这项研究，这将为他们提供出色的STEM培训。 基于这项研究的基于Web的创新方法，将以“科学广告”的形式在引力天文学的引力时代吸引公众。这项研究旨在检测引力和电磁波的二进制和/或二进制和/或融合的超级大型黑洞（SMBHBS）。 将使用Nanograv（脉冲星定时阵列Nanograv）进行有针对性的搜索，并与附近星系合并的VLA和VLBA（无线电干涉仪）进行了调查，这是当前SMBHB宿主的主要候选者。 电磁搜索组件将为系统提供附加的限制，并将提高纳米格拉夫对任何居民SMBHB的敏感性。对纳米赫兹频率引力波源的“多通讯”搜索将根据VLA，VLBI和Nanograv数据获得的轨道约束或检测来对SMBHB进化的特定而独特的陈述。 这项调查将允许使用这些互补电磁和重力波搜索方法对候选目标进行深入研究，并将严格限制在合并后星系系统中二元进化的效率。 Nanograv的敏感性正在提高，这项研究可能会导致检测，如果没有，将作为未来“多理解者”搜索的模板。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估标准通过评估来获得支持的。

项目成果

Quasars with Periodic Variability: Capabilities and Limitations of Bayesian Searches for Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in Time-domain Surveys

具有周期性变化的类星体：时域巡天中贝叶斯搜索超大质量黑洞双星的能力和局限性

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac8356
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Witt, Caitlin A.;Charisi, Maria;Taylor, Stephen R.;Burke-Spolaor, Sarah
• 通讯作者: Burke-Spolaor, Sarah

The NANOGrav 11 yr Data Set: Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2236
• 发表时间: 2019-08-01
• 期刊: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Aggarwal, K.;Arzoumanian, Z.;Zhu, W. W.
• 通讯作者: Zhu, W. W.

The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/acdbc7
• 发表时间: 2023-01
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• 作者: Z. Arzoumanian;P. Baker;L. Blecha;H. Blumer;A. Brazier;P. Brook;S. Burke-Spolaor;B. Bécsy;J. A. Casey-Clyde;M. Charisi;S. Chatterjee;Siyuan Chen;J. Cordes;N. Cornish;F. Crawford;H. Cromartie;M. DeCesar;P. Demorest;T. Dolch;B. Drachler;J. Ellis;E. Ferrara;W. Fiore;E. Fonseca;G. Freedman;N. Garver-Daniels;P. Gentile;J. Glaser;D. Good;K. Gültekin;J. Hazboun;R. Jennings;A. Johnson;Megan L. Jones;A. Kaiser;D. Kaplan;L. Kelley;J. Key;N. Laal;M. Lam;W. Lamb;T. Joseph W. Lazio;N. Lewandowska;Tingting Liu;D. Lorimer;Jing Luo;R. Lynch;D. Madison;A. McEwen;M. Mclaughlin;C. Mingarelli;C. Ng;D. Nice;S. Ocker;K. Olum;T. Pennucci;N. Pol;S. Ransom;P. Ray;J. Romano;B. Shapiro-Albert;X. Siemens;J. Simon;M. Siwek;R. Spiewak;I. Stairs;D. Stinebring;K. Stovall;J. Swiggum;J. Sydnor;S. Taylor;J. E. Turner;M. Vallisneri;S. Vigeland;H. Wahl;G. Walsh;C. Witt;O. Young

Astrophysics Milestones for Pulsar Timing Array Gravitational-wave Detection

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abf2c9
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• 作者: N. Pol;S. Taylor;Luke Zoltan Kelley;S. Vigeland;J. Simon;Siyuan Chen;Z. Arzoumanian;P. Baker;B. Bécsy;A. Brazier;P. Brook;S. Burke-Spolaor;S. Chatterjee;J. Cordes;N. Cornish;F. Crawford;H. Thankful Cromartie;M. DeCesar;P. Demorest;T. Dolch;E. Ferrara;W. Fiore;E. Fonseca;N. Garver-Daniels;D. Good;J. Hazboun;R. Jennings;Megan L. Jones;A. Kaiser;D. Kaplan;Joey Shapiro Key;M. Lam;T. Lazio;Jing Luo;R. Lynch;D. Madison;A. McEwen;M. Mclaughlin;C. Mingarelli;C. Ng;D. Nice;T. Pennucci;S. Ransom;P. Ray;B. Shapiro-Albert;X. Siemens;I. Stairs;D. Stinebring;J. Swiggum;M. Vallisneri;H. Wahl;C. Witt

Chandra Observations of Abell 2261 Brightest Cluster Galaxy, a Candidate Host to a Recoiling Black Hole

钱德拉对阿贝尔 2261 最亮星团星系的观测，它是反冲黑洞的候选宿主

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abc483
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Gültekin, Kayhan;Burke-Spolaor, Sarah;Lauer, Tod R.;W. Lazio, T. Joseph;Moustakas, Leonidas A.;Ogle, Patrick;Postman, Marc
• 通讯作者: Postman, Marc