Collaborative Proposal: Enhanced Gravitational Wave Search via Simultaneous Advanced LIGO/Virgo and Evryscope Detection

合作提案：通过同时先进的 LIGO/Virgo 和 Evryscope 检测增强引力波搜索

• 批准号: 1806625
• 负责人: Nicholas Law
• 金额: $ 4万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1806625&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; Enhanced; Gravitational; Wave

The recent gravitational wave (GW) detection of the first binary neutron star (BNS) merger by the LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave observatories and its associated electromagnetic (EM) counterparts has ushered in a new era of multi-messenger astrophysics. The GW170817 event has inspired a new GW search strategy using simultaneous all-sky optical imaging measurements to provide improved detection confidence as well as source identification/localization. This grant will fund the development and testing of this improved GW search in Advanced LIGO/Virgo (aLIGO/Virgo) operation run 3 (O3), with the potential to substantially increase the number of confirmed GW detections. This will significantly improve the progress of science in the national interest by leveraging the existing investments in gravitational wave and optical observatories to provide an estimated ~25% enhancement in the number of detected systems during O3, and pave the way for future multi-messenger investigations that could potentially quadruple the number of detected sources. The proposed research is at the intersection of the multi-messenger astrophysics, general relativity, digital signal processing and computing, which require young researchers to develop a deep knowledge of modern astrophysical theories, and understanding of gravitational wave instrumentation, and gives them opportunity to get firsthand experience with sophisticated signal/image-processing algorithms, computational methods, manipulation of large data sets and high performance computing.The novel GW search proposed here is based on combining aLIGO/Virgo sub-threshold triggers with simultaneous optical imaging using the Evryscope technique. Evryscope images the entire observable night-time sky simultaneously with 2-minute cadence. Scientists can then select only those optical transient events in the aLIGO/Virgo error region which appear within the same 2-minute window as the GW candidate - reducing the GW-only false alarm probability by factors larger than 20,000. for any night-time GW events. This enables improved detection confidence for marginal GW events and thus enhanced GW detection volume. GW1708187's optical counterpart could be detected by the current Evryscope out to D ~260 Mpc, and future Evryscope-style systems to distances further than 350 Mpc. Analyses show that a future network of Evryscope-style detectors would enhance the number of GW events detected by a factor of ~2-4 compared to GW-only observations. Such a future network would particularly benefit GW source population studies and cosmological applications of GW events. This approach will also provide coverage of the brightest portion of the optical lightcurve, and arcsecond-level localization for all of these events, which will dramatically improve the EM followup response from the community as a whole, leading to improved astrophysical context for interpreting the implications of the GW event. The proposed work here is to carry out a sub-threshold GW search in aLIGO/Virgo O3, using the Evryscope North and South facilities for simultaneous optical coverage. Based on the properties of GW170817's GW properties, optical counterpart, and analyses presented here, such a search could add an additional ~25% more detections to the number of confirmed BNS mergers in O3.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

Ligo/处女座重力波观测站及其相关的电磁（EM）对应物对第一二元中子星（BNS）合并的最新重力波（GW）检测已在多通电工天体物理学的新时代中迎来了。 GW170817事件已使用同时全天的光学成像测量来启发了一种新的GW搜索策略，以提供改进的检测置信以及源识别/定位。该赠款将资助该进步的GW搜索的开发和测试，该GW搜索在Advanced Ligo/Pirgo（Aligo/Pirgo）运行3（O3）中，有可能大大增加确认的GW检测次数。通过利用现有在重力波和光学观测站的现有投资，可以显着改善科学在国家利益方面的进步，以提供O3期间检测到的系统数量的估计增加约25％，并为未来的多门传播调查铺平道路，这些调查可能有可能四倍的四倍来源。 The proposed research is at the intersection of the multi-messenger astrophysics, general relativity, digital signal processing and computing, which require young researchers to develop a deep knowledge of modern astrophysical theories, and understanding of gravitational wave instrumentation, and gives them opportunity to get firsthand experience with sophisticated signal/image-processing algorithms, computational methods, manipulation of large data sets and high performance computing.The novel GW search proposed这是基于使用EVRYSCOPE技术将Aligo/Virgo子阈值触发器与同时的光学成像相结合的。 evryscope与2分钟的节奏同时同时为整个可观察到的夜间天空图片。 然后，科学家可以仅在Aligo/处女座误差区域中选择与GW候选人相同的2分钟窗口中的光学瞬态事件 - 将仅GW的误报概率降低了20,000的因素。对于任何夜间GW活动。这可以提高边际GW事件的检测置信度，从而增强了GW检测量。 GW1708187的光学对应物可以通过当前的Evryscope与D〜260 MPC进行检测，并且将来的Evryscope式系统可远离350 MPC。分析表明，与仅GW的观测值相比，EVRYSCOPE式检测器的未来网络将增加约2-4倍的GW事件的数量。这样的未来网络将特别受益于GW来源人群研究和GW事件的宇宙学应用。这种方法还将覆盖光学光曲线的最亮部分，以及所有这些事件的弧形本地化，这将极大地改善整个社区的EM后续响应，从而改善了天体物理学的环境，以解释GW事件的含义。这里提出的工作是使用Evryscope North和South设施同时进行光学覆盖范围，在Aligo/Pirgo O3中进行亚阈值GW搜索。基于GW170817的GW属性，光学对应物以及此处介绍的分析的特性，此类搜索可能会增加O3中确认的BNS合并数量的额外〜25％的检测，该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基础的智力效果和宽阔的范围进行评估，并被视为值得评估的支持。