Collaborative Research: Impact of microbial and termite communities on transfer of decaying wood to stable and protected mineral soil carbon pools

合作研究：微生物和白蚁群落对腐烂木材转移到稳定和受保护的矿质土壤碳库的影响

• 批准号: 1754603
• 负责人: Andrew Burton
• 金额: $ 67.75万
• 依托单位: Michigan Technological University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754603&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Impact; microbial; termite

As forests age, the death of trees adds dead wood to the forest floor. Even in younger forests, strong wind events, insect outbreaks, fire and forest management all can result in accumulation of dead wood. Dead wood stores carbon, but how much in the long-term is uncertain. Much of the carbon in wood is slowly returned to the atmosphere as CO2 during decomposition. Some, however, also enters the soil, where it can be stored for decades to centuries. In 2011, pine, aspen and birch logs were placed in nine forests across the U.S. to help determine how factors such as climate, wood type, presence of termites and fungi affect wood decomposition rate. The wood used had a unique carbon isotopic signature that allows the research team to trace it as it enters the soil, and to measure how fast carbon is either lost to decomposition or stored as soil carbon. This knowledge will improve understanding of carbon cycling in forests and allow better prediction of how a changing climate or increased tree death from forest disturbance could alter carbon storage in forests. This research will help to determine if forests will be carbon sinks or sources for atmospheric CO2 over long time scales. The project will also give middle and high school students a chance to experience scientific research first-hand, and increase awareness of STEM topics in rural schools near four of the research sites. Project scientists will work with teachers to involve students in research-based discovery and analysis at a nearby field site and incorporate project topics related to ecology and soil science in school curricula, providing a foundation for increasing student interest in science and engineering careers.The fungal and invertebrate communities that dominate wood decomposition have distinct lignin and carbohydrate decomposition pathways along a white- to brown-rot continuum, and these alter the amount of carbon diverted to the mineral soil. This study's specific objectives are to assess the role of different fungal/bacterial communities and termites on lignin- and carbohydrate-decay pathways for the three wood types and determine how this affects wood carbon movement into labile and protected mineral soil carbon pools. This entails: 1) using the 13C signature of labelled wood to assess the role of decomposer community function on wood-decay pathways, mass loss, and wood carbon movement into mineral soil; and 2) using a unique series of termite-exclusion plots to determine the effect of termite activity on fungal wood-decay community composition, wood-decay pathways, and incorporation of wood carbon into the mineral soil.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

随着森林的老化，树木的死亡会在森林地面上增加枯木。 即使在较年轻的森林中，强风事件、昆虫爆发、火灾和森林管理都可能导致枯木堆积。 死木可以储存碳，但从长远来看，能储存多少碳还不确定。 木材中的大部分碳在分解过程中以二氧化碳的形式缓慢返回大气中。然而，有些也会进入土壤，可以储存数十年至数百年。 2011 年，松树、白杨和桦木原木被放置在美国九个森林中，以帮助确定气候、木材类型、白蚁和真菌的存在等因素如何影响木材分解率。 所使用的木材具有独特的碳同位素特征，使研究团队能够在其进入土壤时对其进行追踪，并测量碳分解损失或储存为土壤碳的速度。这些知识将增进对森林碳循环的理解，并更好地预测气候变化或森林干扰导致的树木死亡增加如何改变森林的碳储存。这项研究将有助于确定森林在长期范围内是否会成为碳汇或大气二氧化碳的来源。该项目还将为中学生和高中生提供亲身体验科学研究的机会，并提高四个研究地点附近农村学校对 STEM 主题的认识。项目科学家将与教师合作，让学生在附近的现场进行基于研究的发现和分析，并将与生态和土壤科学相关的项目主题纳入学校课程，为提高学生对科学和工程职业的兴趣奠定基础。主导木材分解的无脊椎动物群落沿着白腐到褐腐的连续体具有独特的木质素和碳水化合物分解途径，并且这些途径改变了转移到矿质土壤的碳量。 本研究的具体目标是评估不同真菌/细菌群落和白蚁对三种木材类型的木质素和碳水化合物腐烂途径的作用，并确定这如何影响木材碳移动到不稳定和受保护的矿质土壤碳库中。这需要：1) 使用标记木材的 13C 特征来评估分解者群落功能对木材腐烂途径、质量损失和木材碳移动到矿质土壤中的作用； 2) 使用一系列独特的白蚁排除图来确定白蚁活动对真菌木材腐烂群落组成、木材腐烂途径以及木材碳融入矿质土壤的影响。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并具有通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Wood-decay type and fungal guild dominance across a North American log transplant experiment

北美原木移植实验中木材腐烂类型和真菌群的优势

• DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101151
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Fungal Ecology
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Maillard, François;Jusino, Michelle A.;Andrews, Erin;Moran, Molly;Vaziri, Grace J.;Banik, Mark T.;Fanin, Nicolas;Trettin, Carl C.;Lindner, Daniel L.;Schilling, Jonathan S.
• 通讯作者: Schilling, Jonathan S.

Coarse Woody Debris Decomposition Assessment Tool: Model validation and application

粗木屑分解评估工具：模型验证与应用

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254408
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: PLOS ONE
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Dai, Zhaohua;Trettin, Carl C.;Burton, Andrew J.;Jurgensen, Martin F.;Page;Forschler, Brian T.;Schilling, Jonathan S.;Lindner, Daniel L.
• 通讯作者: Lindner, Daniel L.

Modeling impacts of saltwater intrusion on methane and nitrous oxide emissions in tidal forested wetlands

模拟盐水入侵对潮汐森林湿地甲烷和一氧化二氮排放的影响

• DOI: 10.1002/eap.2858
• 发表时间: 2023-07
• 期刊: Ecological Applications
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Wang, Hongqing;Dai, Zhaohua;Krauss, Ken W.;Trettin, Carl C.;Noe, Gregory B.;Burton, Andrew J.;Ward, Eric J.
• 通讯作者: Ward, Eric J.

The fate of carbon utilized by the subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes

地下白蚁 Reticulitermes flavipes 所利用的碳的命运

• DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3872
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: Ecosphere
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Myer, Angela;Myer, Mark H.;Trettin, Carl C.;Forschler, Brian T.
• 通讯作者: Forschler, Brian T.

Carbon accumulation in soil layers under degraded, intact and planted forest cover types in tropical semi-deciduous and moist evergreen forests

热带半落叶和湿润常绿森林退化、完整和人工林覆盖类型下土壤层的碳积累

• DOI: 10.1007/s11056-022-09911-3
• 发表时间: 2022-04-05
• 期刊: New Forests
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Samuel Mensah Opoku;A. Burton;E. Opuni‐Frimpong
• 通讯作者: E. Opuni‐Frimpong