RAPID: Hurricane Maria: ASSESSING LANDSCAPE RESILIENCE TO A CHANGING DISTURBANCE REGIME

快速：飓风玛丽亚：评估景观对不断变化的干扰制度的恢复力

• 批准号: 1801315
• 负责人: Maria Uriarte
• 金额: $ 17.48万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1801315&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Hurricane; Maria; ASSESSING; LANDSCAPE

The intensity of hurricanes is anticipated to rise with rising temperatures and individual storms can have dramatic impacts on the carbon dynamics in forests. A strong, single hurricane can convert significant amounts of living forest carbon into dead biomass, and much of that carbon will return to the atmosphere through natural decomposition and soil carbon losses. This acts as a positive feedback to a warming climate. Severe storms also change species composition making the forest vulnerable to subsequent hurricanes. The majority of studies on impacts of hurricanes on ecosystems, however, have been conducted at the plot level and over a limited range of environmental conditions. As a result, our understanding of the factors that impact forest vulnerability to hurricanes and post-storm recovery at the landscape scale is extremely limited. This research will investigate the effects of Hurricane Maria on forested landscapes in Puerto Rico using a combination of a remotely sensed satellite products, data from field plots, and mathematical models. The proposed research will generate data and knowledge essential for the development of forest management practices that are resilient to climate variability and change. Data will be made publicly available and shared with government agencies. One technician, one graduate student, and ten field volunteers will be trained in ecological research. A RAPID response is required to prevent loss of data due to vegetation decomposition and to link remote sensing data to ground observations of damage. Re-growth after storms is swift; the remote sensing signal lasts approximately 1 year following a storm, until post-storm recovery generates new leaf biomass.Hurricanes represent the dominant natural disturbance in temperate and tropical forests in coastal regions of the North Atlantic. Severe storms also favor recruitment of early successional tree species that are particularly vulnerable to subsequent hurricanes, acting as a positive feedback that exacerbates ecosystem vulnerability. The spatial distribution of wind damage across the landscape depends on storm meteorology, physical landscape heterogeneity, and the attributes of individual trees and aggregate stand structure. Disentangling the contribution of each of these factors to observed damage can be difficult because tree species differ in their vulnerability to storm damage and, at the same time, are distributed in a non-random fashion with respect to landscape factors. Understanding ecosystem vulnerability to severe storms over large spatial extents requires approaches that can tease apart the contributions of landscape and local factors. The proposed research will rely on recent advances in remote sensing tools including optical and hyperspectral images and Light Detection and Ranging to generate novel insights into the landscape and local factors that lead to spatial heterogeneity in storm impacts across broad spatial extents. Investigators will address the following questions: 1) how do landscape characteristics such as topography, slope, aspect, geology, and forest age and fragmentation influence wind damage and biomass loss after a severe hurricane; 2) what is the selective pressure of hurricane damage on forest composition; and (3) how does landscape heterogeneity influence biomass recovery?

预计飓风的强度将随着温度升高和各个风暴的升高而上升，对森林的碳动态产生巨大影响。强烈的单飓风可以将大量活森林碳转化为死的生物质，其中大部分碳将通过自然分解和土壤碳损失恢复到大气中。这是对温暖气候的积极反馈。严重的风暴也会改变物种组成，使森林容易受到随后的飓风。但是，大多数关于飓风对生态系统影响的研究是在情节水平和有限的环境条件下进行的。结果，我们对影响森林对飓风脆弱性的因素和在景观量表上发生后恢复的因素非常有限。这项研究将使用远程感知的卫星产品，现场图和数学模型的组合来研究玛丽亚飓风对波多黎各森林景观的影响。拟议的研究将生成数据和知识，对于开发森林管理实践至关重要，森林管理实践对气候变异性和变化具有弹性。数据将公开提供并与政府机构共享。一名技术人员，一名研究生和十名现场志愿者将接受生态研究的培训。需要快速响应以防止由于植被分解而导致的数据丢失，并将遥感数据与损坏的地面观察联系起来。暴风雨过后的重新增长迅速；遥感信号在暴风雨后大约持续约1年，直到变速后恢复产生新的叶子生物量。纯粹是北大西洋沿海地区温带和热带森林中的主要自然干扰。严重的暴风雨也有利于招募早期的继任树种，这些树种特别容易受到随后的飓风的影响，这是加剧生态系统脆弱性的积极反馈。风景中风损伤的空间分布取决于风暴气象，物理景观异质性以及单个树木和骨料架结构的属性。由于树种的脆弱性在风暴损害方面的脆弱性不同，因此消除这些因素对观察到的损害的贡献可能很困难，并且同时在景观因素方面以非随机方式分布。了解生态系统在大型空间范围内对严重暴风雨的脆弱性需要取消景观和当地因素的贡献的方法。拟议的研究将依赖于遥感工具的最新进展，包括光学和高光谱图像以及光检测和范围，以产生对景观和局部因素的新见解，这些景观和局部因素导致空间上的空间异质性在广泛的空间范围内影响。研究人员将解决以下问题：1）诸如地形，坡度，方面，地质和森林年龄以及碎片化等景观特征如何影响飓风后的风损和生物质损失； 2）飓风对森林组成的选择性压力是什么？ （3）景观异质性如何影响生物量恢复？