Bering Strait 2018-2022: Quantifying the changing Pacific inflow to the Arctic Ocean- a critical component of the Arctic Observing Network

白令海峡2018-2022：量化太平洋流入北冰洋的变化——北极观测网络的重要组成部分

• 批准号: 1758565
• 负责人: Rebecca Woodgate
• 金额: $ 239.5万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-06-15 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1758565&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Bering; Strait; 2018; 2022; Quantifying; Bering; Strait; 2018; 2022; Quantifying

Part A: The core of this work will be the installation and annual servicing of three oceanographic moorings in the Bering Strait, at sites (all in US waters) which have been shown to provide an effective quantification of the oceanic fluxes through the strait. These moorings measure (hourly, year-round) water velocity, water temperature and salinity, and the thickness and motion of the seasonal sea ice in the region. The installations are available also to support instrumentation from other studies, e.g., marine mammal research. The project will provide data products of oceanic fluxes and water properties at various timescales (including hourly, monthly, and annual), interacting with stakeholders to provide the most relevant products. Combining these data with satellite data sets, modeling results, and indigenous knowledge, the researchers will quantify long-term change and the changing drivers of the properties of the inflow. The project also trains students in oceanographic techniques; brings western science to the classroom through a ?5-year journey in science? outreach project to native communities in Alaska and Hispanic/Latino-dominated schools in Seattle; and connects the Arctic and the public through university classes, various public talks, and the annual Polar Science Weekend at Seattle?s major Science museum. Part B: The Pacific inflow to the Arctic Ocean (which is via the Bering Strait) is critical to the oceanic systems of the Alaskan seas and western Arctic Ocean. Recent years are showing dramatic increase and early warming in this inflow. This has consequences regionally, in the Arctic, and (models suggest) also globally. Consider some examples. The inflow impacts nutrient supply to the nationally crucial Bering Sea, source of ~ 50% of the US fish catch. Heat carried by the inflow (increasing in recent years) is a trigger of early Arctic sea-ice retreat. Water properties of the inflow control how the ocean interacts with sea ice over roughly half the Arctic Ocean. Nutrients carried by the inflow feed Arctic ecosystems, both in the Arctic Ocean and in the US and Canadian northern coastal regions. It is thus vital to assess the changing Pacific inflow to the Arctic - for local native communities; for the new focus on pan-Arctic access, global shipping and resource exploitation; and for understanding (and predicting) how the Arctic is changing and the impacts of that change. To date, the only effective way of making this assessment is through year-round in-water measurements. The US started such measurements in 1990, allowing us now to quantify in context the remarkable transitions currently in progress. This new research will continue these measurements to 2022, also seeking understanding of the drivers of recent change. Crucially, the work will provide oceanic information in useful forms to the many stakeholders, including local and global science, local native communities, the public, and industry (e.g., oil/gas exploration, shipping, tourism). Internationally, the project is a substantial US contribution to global cooperation in the Arctic. Educationally, the project brings science and the Arctic to school and public communities, including role modeling success of diversity in STEM fields.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

A部分：这项工作的核心将是在白令海峡（美国水域）（全部在美国水域）中的三个海洋模型的安装和每年维修，这些海峡已证明可以通过海峡对海洋通量进行有效的量化。这些系泊设备测量（每小时，全年）水速度，水温和盐度，以及该地区季节性海冰的厚度和运动。该装置也可用于支持其他研究的仪器，例如海洋哺乳动物研究。 该项目将在各个时标（包括每小时，每月和年度）的海洋通量和水性能的数据产品，与利益相关者互动以提供最相关的产品。 研究人员将这些数据与卫星数据集，建模结果和土著知识相结合，将量化长期变化以及流入性能的变化驱动因素。 该项目还培训学生的海洋技术。通过科学的5年旅程将西方科学带到教室？向阿拉斯加的土著社区和西雅图的西班牙裔/拉丁裔主导的学校进行外展项目；并通过大学课程，各种公开谈判以及西雅图的主要科学博物馆的年度《极地科学周末》（Polar Science Weekend）连接北极和公众。 B部分：向北极海洋的太平洋流入（通过白令海峡）对于阿拉斯加海和西北极海洋的海洋系统至关重要。 近年来，在这种流入中显示出急剧增加和早期变暖。 这在北极地区具有区域后果，并且（模型建议）也在全球上。 考虑一些例子。 流入影响对全国至关重要的白令海的养分供应，这是美国鱼类捕获的约50％的来源。 流入携带的热量（近年来增加）是北极海冰撤退的早期触发因素。 流入的水性能控制着海洋如何与海冰相互作用，大约是一半的北极海洋。 在北极海洋以及美国和加拿大北部沿海地区，流入进食北极生态系统所携带的营养。 因此，对于当地本地社区而言，评估不断变化的太平洋流入到北极至关重要；为了新的关注泛北极访问，全球运输和资源开发；并了解（并预测）北极的变化以及这种变化的影响。 迄今为止，进行此评估的唯一有效方法是通过全年的水上测量。 美国从1990年开始了这样的测量，现在允许我们在上下文中量化目前正在进行的显着过渡。 这项新的研究将继续这些测量到2022年，也寻求了解最近变化的驱动因素。 至关重要的是，这项工作将为许多利益相关者提供有用形式的海洋信息，包括本地和全球科学，当地本地社区，公众和工业（例如，石油/天然气勘探，运输，旅游业）。 在国际上，该项目是美国对北极全球合作的巨大贡献。 在教育上，该项目将科学和北极带入了学校和公共社区，包括在STEM领域的多样性取得成功。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并认为使用基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响评估审查标准，认为值得通过评估来支持。