Collaborative Research: Molecular profiling of the ecophysiology of dormancy induction in calanid copepods of the Northern Gulf of Alaska LTER site

合作研究：阿拉斯加北部湾 LTER 站点的卡拉尼科桡足类休眠诱导生态生理学的分子分析

• 批准号: 1756859
• 负责人: Russell Hopcroft
• 金额: $ 44.11万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-03-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1756859&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Molecular; profiling; ecophysiology

The sub-arctic Pacific sustains major fisheries with nearly all commercially important species depending either directly or indirectly on lipid-rich copepods (Neocalanus flemingeri, Neocalanus plumchrus, Neocalanus cristatus and Calanus marshallae). In turn, these species depend on a short-lived spring algal bloom for growth and the accumulation of lipid stores in order to complete an annual life cycle that includes a period of dormancy. The intellectual thrust of this project measures how the timing and magnitude of algal blooms affect preparation for dormancy using a combination of field and experimental observations. The Northern Gulf of Alaska - with four calanid species that experience dormancy, steep environmental gradients, well-described phytoplankton bloom dynamics, and a concurrent NSF-LTER program - provides an unusual opportunity to identify the factors that affect dormancy preparation. Education and outreach plans are integrated with the research. Educational efforts focus on interdisciplinary opportunities for undergraduate, graduate and post-doctoral trainees. The project will generate content for existing graduate and undergraduate courses. U. of Alaska Fairbanks and U. Hawaii at Manoa are Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions, and students from these groups will be recruited to participate in the project. Because fishing is a major industry in the Gulf of Alaska, outreach will communicate the role copepods play in marine ecosystems using the concept of a dynamic food web tied to production cycles.Diapause (dormancy) and the accompanying accumulation of lipids in copepods have been identified as key drivers in high latitude ecosystems that support economically important fisheries, including those of the Gulf of Alaska. While the disappearance of lipid-rich copepods has been linked to severe declines in fish stocks, little is known about the environmental conditions that are required for the successful completion of the copepod's life cycle. A physiological profiling approach that measures relative gene expression will be used to test two alternative hypotheses: the lipid accumulation window hypothesis, which holds that individuals enter diapause only after they have accumulated sufficient lipid stores, and the developmental program hypothesis, which holds that once the diapause program is activated, progression occurs independent of lipid accumulation. The specific objectives are: 1) determine the effect of food levels during N. flemingeri copepodite stages on progression towards diapause using multiple physiological and developmental markers; 2) characterize the seasonal changes in the physiological profile of N. flemingeri across environmental gradients and across years; 3) compare physiological profiles across co-occurring calanid species (N. flemingeri, Neocalanus plumchrus, Neocalanus cristatus and Calanus marshallae); and 4) estimate the reproductive potential of the overwintering populations of N. flemingeri. The broader scientific significance includes the acquisition of new genomic data and molecular resources that will be made publicly available through established data repositories, and the development of new tools for routinely obtaining physiological profiles of copepods.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

亚北极太平洋维持着主要渔业，几乎所有具有重要商业价值的物种都直接或间接依赖于富含脂质的桡足类动物（Neocalanus flemingeri、Neocalanus plumchrus、Neocalanus cristatus 和 Calanus marshallae）。 反过来，这些物种依赖于短暂的春季藻华生长和脂质储存的积累，以完成包括休眠期在内的年度生命周期。该项目的智力主旨是通过结合实地观察和实验观察来衡量藻华的时间和程度如何影响休眠的准备。阿拉斯加北部湾有四种经历休眠的蜥蜴物种、陡峭的环境梯度、详细描述的浮游植物水华动态以及同时进行的 NSF-LTER 计划，为确定影响休眠准备的因素提供了一个不寻常的机会。教育和推广计划与研究相结合。教育工作的重点是为本科生、研究生和博士后学员提供跨学科的机会。该项目将为现有的研究生和本科生课程生成内容。阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校和夏威夷大学马诺阿分校是阿拉斯加原住民和夏威夷原住民服务机构，来自这些群体的学生将被招募参加该项目。 由于渔业是阿拉斯加湾的主要产业，因此外展活动将利用与生产周期相关的动态食物网的概念来宣传桡足类在海洋生态系统中所发挥的作用。已经确定了滞育（休眠）和随之而来的桡足类脂质积累作为高纬度生态系统的关键驱动因素，支持经济上重要的渔业，包括阿拉斯加湾的渔业。 虽然富含脂质的桡足类动物的消失与鱼类种群的严重减少有关，但人们对桡足类动物成功完成生命周期所需的环境条件知之甚少。 测量相对基因表达的生理分析方法将用于测试两个替代假设：脂质积累窗口假说，该假说认为个体只有在积累了足够的脂质储备后才进入滞育，以及发育程序假说，该假说认为一旦滞育程序被激活，进展的发生与脂质积累无关。 具体目标是：1）利用多种生理和发育标志物确定火烈鸟桡足阶段食物水平对滞育进展的影响； 2) 描述弗莱明氏猪笼草生理特征在不同环境梯度和年份中的季节变化； 3) 比较同时存在的鱿鱼物种（N. flemingeri、Neocalanus plumchrus、Neocalanus cristatus 和 Calanus marshallae）的生理特征； 4) 估计弗氏猪笼草越冬种群的繁殖潜力。 更广泛的科学意义包括获取新的基因组数据和分子资源，这些数据和分子资源将通过已建立的数据存储库公开提供，以及开发用于常规获取桡足类生理特征的新工具。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被认为是值得的通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来获得支持。

项目成果

Physiological acclimatization in high‐latitude zooplankton

高纬度浮游动物的生理适应

• DOI: 10.1111/mec.16354
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Molecular Ecology
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Roncalli, Vittoria;Niestroy, Jeanette;Cieslak, Matthew C.;Castelfranco, Ann M.;Hopcroft, Russell R.;Lenz, Petra H.
• 通讯作者: Lenz, Petra H.