Photosynthetic basis of temperate plant invasions: a pan-hemisphere comparison of leaf function

温带植物入侵的光合基础：叶片功能的全半球比较

• 批准号: 1754273
• 负责人: Jason Fridley
• 金额: $ 62.83万
• 依托单位: Syracuse University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1754273&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Photosynthetic; basis; temperate; plant; invasions

Invasive plants cost millions of dollars annually in control and eradication efforts and are among the most pervasive threats to biological conservation and natural area management. However, only a small percentage of introduced plants actually become problems, and one of the biggest challenges in invasive species management is to identify whether some species are 'pre-adapted' to invade - that is, have attributes in their home range that may identify them as potential threats before they are introduced. This project compares the performance of over 40 species of invasive plants in their home and invaded ranges across fields and forests in the Northeast U.S. and in similar climates of Europe and Asia. Combined with laboratory tests of leaf chemistry and structure, the investigators will determine whether invasive plants change in their invaded range in ways that make them better able to compete with native vegetation, or whether they already possessed these competitive attributes in their home range. The combination of field and laboratory measurements across a large range of species in multiple habitats will provide a unique set of data to identify the main constraints on leaf function. The project fosters international knowledge transfer and research partnerships through exchanges of senior personnel, graduate students, and postdoctoral associates between research labs. Results will contribute to land management practices through a better understanding of mechanisms behind successful invasions of non-native plants. The project enhances STEM education by increasing resource development and outreach activities for the "Syracuse Global Change Garden", an education-based arboretum on the Syracuse campus.This project addresses the mechanism of ecological advantage of invasive plant species from two complementary angles. First, researchers will determine how plants of different photosynthetic capacity allocate a key limiting resource (nitrogen) to different leaf functions (light harvesting, carbon fixation, cell wall structure, defensive compounds) to test whether nitrogen allocation drives assimilation rate, and whether invaders have higher allocation to assimilation than co-occurring native species. Second, researchers will determine whether invasive species have altered their allocation to assimilation rate in their invaded range in response to reduced natural enemies, or whether photosynthetic advantages were already present in their native range due to different regional evolutionary histories. Finally, the investigators will test experimentally whether photosynthetic performance is the principal driver of competitive dominance in invaders. This project will be among the first to test invasion and leaf allocation theory empirically across a large number of species and habitats (forest and field environments), and to test the 'pre-adaptation' theory of species invasions at a physiological level. The project will also advance our understanding of invasion processes by determining whether shifts in leaf function commonly occur in the invaded range, and whether such processes are sufficient to alter interactions with native species.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

侵入性植物每年耗资数百万美元的控制和消除工作，是对生物保护和自然地区管理最普遍的威胁之一。但是，只有一小部分引入的植物实际上成为问题，而入侵物种管理中最大的挑战之一就是确定某些物种是否被“预先适应”以入侵 - 也就是说，在其家庭范围内具有可能在引入之前将其识别为潜在威胁的属性。该项目比较了他们家中40多种侵入性植物的性能，并在美国东北部以及欧洲和亚洲的类似气候中跨越了跨越田野和森林的范围。结合叶子化学和结构的实验室测试，研究人员将确定侵入性植物在入侵范围内是否会变化，以使其能够更好地与本地植被竞争，或者他们是否已经在本国范围内拥有这些竞争性属性。多个栖息地中大量物种的现场测量结合将提供一组独特的数据，以识别叶片功能的主要约束。该项目通过研究实验室之间的高级人员，研究生和博士后协会的交流来促进国际知识转移和研究伙伴关系。结果将通过对成功入侵非本地植物背后的机制有更好的理解来促进土地管理实践。该项目通过增加资源开发和“锡拉丘兹全球变化园”的资源开发和外展活动来增强STEM教育，这是一个基于教育的植物园，该植物园是锡拉丘兹校园的。该项目介绍了从两个互补角度来源的生态优势的机制。首先，研究人员将确定如何将关键限制资源（氮）分配给不同的叶片功能（轻收集，碳固定，细胞壁结构，防御性化合物），以测试是否比共同蛋白质物质分配更高的同化。其次，研究人员将确定侵入性物种是否已改变其在入侵范围内的分配，以响应减少的自然敌人，或者由于不同的区域进化史而导致的原生范围已经存在光合作用。最后，研究人员将通过实验测试光合作用表现是否是入侵者竞争优势的主要驱动力。该项目将是最早在许多物种和栖息地（森林和田间环境）经验测试入侵和叶片分配理论的项目之一，并在生理层面测试物种入侵的“预先适应”理论。该项目还将通过确定在入侵范围内是否通常发生叶片功能的变化，以及此类过程是否足以改变与本地物种的相互作用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的理智和更广泛的审查标准通过评估，这是值得通过评估，这将提高我们对入侵过程的理解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务。

项目成果

Friend or foe? The role of biotic agents in drought-induced plant mortality

• DOI: 10.1007/s11258-021-01126-4
• 发表时间: 2021-03-20
• 期刊: PLANT ECOLOGY
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Griffin-Nolan, Robert J.;Mohanbabu, Neha;Fridley, Jason D.
• 通讯作者: Fridley, Jason D.

Fast but steady: An integrated leaf‐stem‐root trait syndrome for woody forest invaders

快速而稳定：木本森林入侵者的叶-茎-根综合性状综合征

• DOI: 10.1111/ele.13967
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Ecology Letters
• 影响因子: 8.8
• 作者: Fridley, Jason D.;Bauerle, Taryn L.;Craddock, Alaä;Ebert, Alex R.;Frank, Douglas A.;Heberling, J. Mason;Hinman, Elise D.;Jo, Insu;Martinez, Kelsey A.;Smith, Maria S.
• 通讯作者: Smith, Maria S.