Collaborative Proposal: Selection and Genetic Succession in the Intertidal -- Population Genomics of Pisaster ochraceus During a Wasting Disease Outbreak and its Aftermath

合作提案：潮间带的选择和遗传演替——消耗性疾病爆发及其后果期间 Pisaster ochraceus 的群体基因组学

• 批准号: 1737381
• 负责人: Michael Dawson
• 金额: $ 69.95万
• 依托单位: University of California - Merced
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-01 至 2023-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1737381&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; Selection; Genetic; Succession

This project seeks to understand the outcomes of predator-disease dynamics by exploring a recent pandemic that decimated 90% of ochre sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus) in the eastern North Pacific in 2013. The research team will explore how recovery may depend upon often difficult-to-see processes such as the interplay of migration and natural selection in marine species. While the population of sea stars is currently rebounding due to several years of unusually high recruitment, the sea star wasting disease continues to persist at low levels. This project aims to determine the genetic consequences of the pandemic and subsequent recovery. The team will determine whether the majority of susceptible sea stars have died and identify possible refuges where susceptible sea stars survived. They will examine the potential for heritable variation in resistance to this disease in order to assess whether the new recruits are tolerant or susceptible to wasting. Resolving these issues will enable predictions about the trajectory of their recovery and the potential responses to future large scale disease outbreaks. Research findings will be shared with resource managers and scientists at a collaborative workshop that will focus on state-of-the-art methods to advance research on marine diseases. The public will have the opportunity to learn more about sea star wasting disease through a partnership with the UCSC Seymour Marine Discovery Center and can track the incidence of disease using an online interactive map available at www.seastarwasting.org. Results will be incorporated into professional development for teachers with CalTeach and adapted for teaching materials up to college-level. This project will train diverse early career scientists - undergraduates, graduates, and a postdoctoral scholar - in integration of ecological and genomic methods.Understanding the consequences of large-scale pandemics in the broader contexts of geographic heterogeneity and chronic changes in ocean pH and temperature is an emerging contemporary issue. This project employs long-term characterization of population dynamics and genetic consequences of a sea star wasting disease (SSWD) outbreak, which caused median 90% mortality in Pisaster ochraceus populations in the northeastern Pacific, to estimate potential long-term consequences for the species. While the largest recorded influx of new recruits occurred in 2014-2016, it is unknown where they originated from, whether recruits and surviving adults remained susceptible to the disease, which persisted at low levels, and for how long these dynamics might continue. This long-term dataset provides a unique opportunity for exploring the short and long term repercussions of such large-scale disease outbreaks and the population dynamics that they precipitate. This project builds on long-term field studies of wild populations to describe host population dynamics, the disease, and genomic diversity. The goal is to discover genetic variation associated with SSWD and to dissociate that variation from population genomic effects attributable to abiotic environmental variation. Objectives are: (1) Census P. ochraceus at 24 sites throughout its range to describe population dynamics, the prevalence of SSWD, and measure abiotic variables. (2) Conduct laboratory experiments coupled with RNAseq analyses to determine loci differentially regulated during exposure to SSWD, temperature, salinity, and pCO2 anomalies. (3) Map ddRAD, RNAseq, and candidate loci under selection to a P. ochraceus genome. (4) Conduct range-wide population genomic analyses for 3 years to assess genetic (SNP) variation among wild-caught specimens with, versus without, SSWD across a geographic mosaic of abiotic variation. (5) Explore links between SSWD and candidate loci, such as EF1A. These analyses will describe the immediate genomic consequences of the disease outbreak, the population dynamics that the outbreak set in motion, and the interplay of factors and mechanisms - such as disease, temperature, migration, selection - that affected these changes. The results will advance understanding of general processes and interactions that shape population genomic structure in coastal ecosystems, providing resources to inform future research and applications in design of management strategies for coastal living resources.

该项目旨在通过探索最近的一场流行病来了解捕食者疾病动态的结果，这场流行病于 2013 年导致北太平洋东部 90% 的赭石海星 (Pisaster ochraceus) 死亡。研究小组将探讨恢复如何取决于通常困难的-观察海洋物种的迁徙和自然选择之间的相互作用等过程。虽然由于几年来异常高的补充量，海星的数量目前正在反弹，但海星消耗性疾病仍然持续在低水平。该项目旨在确定大流行和随后恢复的遗传后果。研究小组将确定大多数易感海星是否已经死亡，并确定易感海星生存的可能避难所。他们将检查对这种疾病的抵抗力的遗传变异的可能性，以评估新招募的人员是否能够耐受或容易消瘦。解决这些问题将能够预测其恢复轨迹以及对未来大规模疾病爆发的潜在反应。研究结果将在一个合作研讨会上与资源管理者和科学家分享，该研讨会将重点关注推进海洋疾病研究的最先进方法。通过与 UCSC Seymour 海洋探索中心的合作，公众将有机会了解有关海星消耗疾病的更多信息，并可以使用 www.seastarwasting.org 上提供的在线交互式地图跟踪疾病的发病率。结果将被纳入 CalTeach 教师的专业发展，并改编为大学水平的教材。该项目将培训不同的早期职业科学家——本科生、研究生和博士后学者——将生态学和基因组方法相结合。在更广泛的地理异质性和海洋 pH 值和温度变化的背景下了解大规模流行病的后果是非常重要的。一个新出现的当代问题。该项目利用海星消耗性疾病 (SSWD) 爆发的种群动态和遗传后果的长期特征来估计该物种的潜在长期后果，该疾病导致东北太平洋的 Pisaster ochraceus 种群死亡率中位数为 90%。虽然有记录的最大新兵涌入发生在 2014 年至 2016 年，但尚不清楚他们来自哪里，新兵和幸存的成年人是否仍然容易感染这种疾病（这种疾病持续处于低水平），以及这种动态可能会持续多久。这个长期数据集为探索此类大规模疾病爆发的短期和长期影响及其引发的人口动态提供了独特的机会。该项目建立在对野生种群的长期实地研究的基础上，以描述宿主种群动态、疾病和基因组多样性。目标是发现与 SSWD 相关的遗传变异，并将这种变异与非生物环境变异引起的群体基因组效应分开。目标是： (1) 在整个分布范围内的 24 个地点对 P. ochraceus 进行普查，以描述种群动态、SSWD 的流行情况并测量非生物变量。 (2) 进行实验室实验并结合 RNAseq 分析，以确定暴露于 SSWD、温度、盐度和 pCO2 异常期间差异调节的位点。 (3) 将 ddRAD、RNAseq 和选择下的候选基因座映射到 P. ochraceus 基因组。 (4) 进行为期 3 年的大范围群体基因组分析，以评估在非生物变异地理镶嵌中具有或不具有 SSWD 的野生捕获标本之间的遗传 (SNP) 变异。 (5)探索SSWD和候选基因座之间的联系，例如EF1A。 这些分析将描述疾病爆发的直接基因组后果、疾病爆发引发的种群动态，以及影响这些变化的因素和机制（例如疾病、温度、迁移、选择）的相互作用。研究结果将增进对塑造沿海生态系统种群基因组结构的一般过程和相互作用的理解，为沿海生物资源管理策略设计的未来研究和应用提供资源。

项目成果

Decimation by sea star wasting disease and rapid genetic change in a keystone species, Pisaster ochraceus

海星消耗性疾病和关键物种 Pisaster ochraceus 的快速遗传变化导致大量死亡

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800285115
• 发表时间: 2018-07
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
• 作者: Schiebelhut, Lauren M.;Puritz, Jonathan B.;Dawson, Michael N
• 通讯作者: Dawson, Michael N

Species' attributes predict the relative magnitude of ecological and genetic recovery following mass mortality

物种属性预测大规模死亡后生态和遗传恢复的相对程度

• DOI: 10.1111/mec.16707
• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 期刊: Molecular Ecology
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Schiebelhut, Lauren M.;Gaylord, Brian;Grosberg, Richard K.;Jurgens, Laura J.;Dawson, Michael N
• 通讯作者: Dawson, Michael N

Evidence That Microorganisms at the Animal-Water Interface Drive Sea Star Wasting Disease

动物与水界面处的微生物导致海星消耗性疾病的证据

• DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.610009
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: Frontiers in Microbiology
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Aquino, Citlalli A.;Besemer, Ryan M.;DeRito, Christopher M.;Kocian, Jan;Porter, Ian R.;Raimondi, Peter T.;Rede, Jordan E.;Schiebelhut, Lauren M.;Sparks, Jed P.;Wares, John P.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

A reference genome for ecological restoration of the sunflower sea star, Pycnopodia helianthoides

向日葵海星 Pycnopodia helianthoides 生态恢复的参考基因组

• DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esad054
• 发表时间: 2023-09
• 期刊: Journal of Heredity
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Schiebelhut, Lauren M.;DeBiasse, Melissa B.;Gabriel, Lars;Hoff, Katharina J.;Dawson, Michael N.;Meyer, ed., Rachel
• 通讯作者: Meyer, ed., Rachel

An initial comparative genomic autopsy of wasting disease in sea stars

海星消耗性疾病的初步比较基因组尸检

• DOI: 10.1111/mec.15386
• 发表时间: 2020-02-18
• 期刊: Molecular Ecology
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Dannise V. Ruiz‐Ramos;L. M. Schiebelhut;K. Hoff;J. Wares;M. Dawson
• 通讯作者: M. Dawson