EAGER: Engaging Stakeholders with Prototypes: Practitioner Approaches during Front-end Design

EAGER：让利益相关者参与原型：前端设计期间的从业者方法

• 批准号: 1745866
• 负责人: Kathleen Sienko
• 金额: $ 22.4万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1745866&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Engaging; Stakeholders; Prototypes; Practitioner

This EArly-concept Grant for Exploratory Research (EAGER) grant supports fundamental research into the use of prototypes during the earliest stages of engineering design projects. This is a critical juncture in most projects. Engineering designers formulate a design problem based on their understanding of user needs and wants. Misunderstandings at this stage can imperil the success of a project. Prototypes can be key to understanding what people need and want in a product, and thus determining the ultimate success of the design. However, current reports of prototype usage suggest that they are not leveraged to their full potential when designers are interacting with potential users of the design. The goals of this research are to capture best practice strategies used by industry practitioners based on their descriptions of engineering design projects as well as observations of them in action as they use prototypes to engage with users. The study will focus primarily on medical device design problems due to their richness as an engineering design problem and their importance to society. Fundamental strategies identified in this study will be transferrable, impacting the ways practitioners in many engineering areas approach stakeholder engagement. This will promote greater productivity and innovation in engineering product design and, ultimately, better products for end users. This research investigates design practitioner behaviors and strategies for using prototypes during the front-end phases of design, especially for engaging stakeholders for the purposes of defining design problems and eliciting product requirements. Research methods include a combination of design project-centered semi-structured interviews (both retrospective and near real time), document review, and observations. Data analysis draws takes an iterative approach, allowing patterns and themes to emerge. A combination of inductive and deductive analyses will ensure the results are robust and appropriately contextualized. Outcomes of this research include a framework for using prototypes to engage with stakeholders during early design phases and a series of case studies documenting how prototypes have been successfully leveraged.

这项探索性研究（急切）赠款的早期概念赠款支持在工程设计项目的最早阶段使用原型的基础研究。这是大多数项目的关键关键。工程设计师根据他们对用户需求和需求的理解来制定设计问题。在这个阶段，误解会损害项目的成功。原型可能是了解人们在产品中需要和想要的东西，从而确定设计的最终成功的关键。但是，当前关于原型使用情况的报告表明，当设计师与设计的潜在用户互动时，它们并没有充分利用其潜力。这项研究的目标是根据他们对工程设计项目的描述以及对其进行观察，以捕获行业从业人员使用的最佳实践策略，因为他们使用原型与用户互动。该研究将主要关注医疗设备设计问题，因为它们是工程设计问题及其对社会的重要性。在这项研究中确定的基本策略将是可转让的，这会影响许多工程领域的从业人员接触利益相关者的参与。这将促进工程产品设计方面的提高生产率和创新，并最终为最终用户提供更好的产品。这项研究调查了设计实践者的行为和策略，用于在设计的前端阶段使用原型，尤其是为了引起利益相关者的参与，以定义设计问题和提出产品要求。研究方法包括设计为以项目为中心的半结构化访谈（回顾性和接近实时），文档审查和观察的结合。数据分析绘制采用迭代方法，允许出现模式和主题。归纳和演绎分析的结合将确保结果可靠且适当地背景化。这项研究的结果包括一个框架，用于在早期设计阶段使用原型与利益相关者互动，并进行一系列案例研究，记录了如何成功利用原型。

项目成果

Stakeholder Engagement With Prototypes During Front-End Medical Device Design: Who Is Engaged With What Prototype?

前端医疗设备设计过程中利益相关者与原型的互动：谁与什么原型互动？

• DOI: 10.1115/dmd2020-9020
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: 2020 Design of Medical Devices Conference
• 作者: Coulentianos, Marianna J.;Rodriguez-Calero, Ilka;Daly, Shanna R.;Sienko, Kathleen H.
• 通讯作者: Sienko, Kathleen H.

Global Health Front-End Medical Device Design: The Use of Prototypes to Engage Stakeholders

• DOI: 10.1016/j.deveng.2020.100055
• 发表时间: 2020-01-01
• 期刊: Development Engineering
• 作者: Coulentianos, MJ.

Medical Device Design Practitioner Strategies for Prototype-Centered Front-End Design Stakeholder Engagements in Low-Resource Settings

医疗器械设计从业者在资源匮乏环境中以原型为中心的前端设计利益相关者参与策略

• DOI: 10.1017/dsi.2019.101
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design
• 作者: Coulentianos, Marianna J.;Rodriguez-Calero, Ilka;Daly, Shanna R.;Burridge, Jocelyn;Sienko, Kathleen H.
• 通讯作者: Sienko, Kathleen H.