Using Bio-acoustics on an Autonomous Surveying Platform for the Examination of Phytoplankton-zooplankton and Fish Interactions in the Western Ross Sea

在自主测量平台上使用生物声学来检查西罗斯海浮游植物-浮游动物和鱼类的相互作用

• 批准号: 1743035
• 负责人: Grace Saba
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: Rutgers University New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-15 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1743035&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Using; Bio; acoustics; Autonomous; Surveying

The Ross Sea is the one of the most productive regions in Antarctica and supports large populations of several key species in the Ross Sea food web, including copepods, crystal krill (Euphausia crystallorophias), and Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum). Copepods and crystal krill dominate the diets of Antarctic silverfish, the dominant fish species in the high Antarctic zone, and silverfish are a major link between lower (copepods, krill) and higher (fishes, marine mammals, flighted birds, Adélie and Emperor penguins) trophic levels. Despite the significance of these key species, there is limited understanding of copepod, krill, and silverfish mesoscale distribution, spatial structure of age/maturity classes, and their interactions with physical drivers within the Ross Sea. Autonomous underwater profiling gliders are a developing technology that offers the potential for providing high spatial, temporal, and depth resolution data on regional scales. The project will test the capability of a multi-frequency echo sounder integrated into a Slocum Webb glider with the aim of providing the first glider-based acoustic assessment of simultaneous distributions of three trophic levels in the Ross Sea. Complementary glider sensors measuring physical, chemical, and biological parameters will provide mesoscale and sub-mesoscale hydrographic information from which phytoplankton-zooplankton-fish interactions and the relationships between these organisms and physics drivers (sea ice, circulation features) will be investigated. The approach proposed here, glider acoustics, is relatively new and has the potential to be transformational for investigating food webs and the Ross Sea ecosystem. Researchers will modify and integrate an Acoustic Zooplankton and Fish Profiler (AZFP) multi-frequency echo sounder into a Slocum Webb G2 glider with the capability to differentiate between krill and other types of zooplankton, including copepods, and different sizes of krill and silverfish. The AZFP will be complemented with the existing glider sensors including a CTD, a WET Labs BB2FL ECO puck configured for simultaneous chlorophyll fluorescence (phytoplankton biomass) and optical backscatter measurements, and an Aanderaa Optode for measuring dissolved oxygen. The new sensor suite will be tested during a four-week glider deployment, where it will conduct acoustic surveys to map distribution and abundance of multiple zooplankton taxa and silverfish during the austral summer along the Terra Nova Bay polynya ice shelf and in adjacent continental shelf waters. The relationships between phytoplankton-zooplankton-fish distributions and the physical drivers of zooplankton and silverfish species and size distributions will be investigated. Coordinated ship-based acoustic sampling and net tows/trawls will be conducted multiple times during the glider deployment to validate glider acoustic-based species, size, and abundance measurements. Open accessible, automated data produced during this project will be made available through RUCOOL (Rutgers University Center for Ocean Observing Leadership) and THREDDS (Thematic Real-time Environmental Data Distribution System). The production of consistent, vertically-resolved, high resolution glider-based acoustic measurements will define a successful outcome of this project that should help in identifying the challenges in their use as a potentially cost-effective, automated examination of food webs in the Antarctic.

罗斯海是南极最有生产力的地区之一，并支持罗斯海上食品网络中几个关键物种的大量人群，包括copepods，Crystal Krill（Euphausia Crystallorophias）和南极银鱼（pleuragragramma and Antarciticum）。 Copepods和Crystal Krill主导着南极银鱼的饮食，高南极区的主要鱼类和Silverfish是较低（Copepods，磷虾）和更高（鱼类，海洋哺乳动物，飞行的鸟类，阿德利（Adélie）和皇帝企鹅）的主要联系。尽管这些关键物种具有重要意义，但对Copepod，磷虾和银鱼中尺度分布，年龄/成熟类别的空间结构以及它们与罗斯海中物理驱动因素的相互作用的理解有限。自主的水下分析滑翔机是一项正在开发的技术，可提供在区域尺度上提供高空间，临时和深度分辨率数据的潜力。该项目将测试集成到Slocum Webb滑翔机中的多频回波声音的能力，目的是对罗斯海三个营养级别的简单分布进行首次基于滑翔机的声学评估。互补的滑翔机传感器测量物理，化学和生物学参数将提供中尺度和亚尺度水文信息，并从中研究浮游植物 - Zooplankton-fish-fish-fish-fish-fish-fishsismess和物理驱动因素（海冰，循环特征）之间的关系。在这里提出的方法是滑翔机声学，是相对较新的，并且有可能转化用于研究食物网和罗斯海生态系统。研究人员将修改和集成一个声学的浮游动物和鱼类剖面（AZFP）多频回声声音中的slocum webb g2滑翔机，能够区分磷虾和其他类型的浮雕，包括copepods，包括copepods，以及不同尺寸的磷虾和银鱼。 AZFP将使用现有的滑翔机传感器（包括CTD），湿实验室BB2FL Eco冰冰（用于同时叶绿素荧光（Phytoplankton Biomass）和光学反向分类测量值以及Aanderaa optode配置，用于测量溶解的氧气。新的传感器套件将在为期四周的滑翔机部署中进行测试，在此期间，它将进行声学调查，以在澳大利亚夏季沿着Terra Nova Bay Polynya Ice架，以及在邻近的大陆架子水域中绘制多个浮游动物分类群和银鱼的抽象。浮游植物 - Zooplankton-fish分布与浮游生物物种的物理驱动因素与大小分布之间的关系。在滑翔机部署期间将多次进行协调的基于船舶的声学采样和净拖网/拖网，以验证基于滑翔机声学的物种，大小和抽象测量。该项目期间生产的开放式自动数据将通过Rucool（Rutgers University Poesserving领导力中心）和THERDDS（主题实时环境数据分配系统）提供。一致，垂直分辨，高分辨率基于滑翔机的声学测量结果的产生将定义该项目的成功结果，该结果应有助于确定其用作南极中食物网的潜在成本效益，自动化的挑战。