Collaborative Research: Ecosystem Response to a Warming Arctic: Deciphering the Past to Inform The Future.

合作研究：生态系统对北极变暖的反应：破译过去以告知未来。

• 批准号: 1737716
• 负责人: Elizabeth Thomas
• 金额: $ 52.41万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Buffalo
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1737716&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Ecosystem; Response; Warming

The Arctic is currently warming twice as fast as the global average and this is expected to result in a northward shift in plant ranges. An increase in woody vegetation would reduce surface reflection of light and heat (albedo), and increase atmospheric water vapor, a positive feedback that is currently poorly included in climate models. In the Eastern Canadian Arctic (ECA) stratified sediment in lakes spanning the current interglacial and the warmer previous interglacial, preserve sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) and organic molecules that can be used for reconstruction of past ecosystems and their dependence on temperature and hydroclimate. By combining data from these sediments with modern vegetation studies and climate monitoring, an empirically based ecosystem-climate model will be developed to predict the likely evolution of Arctic ecosystems by 2100 under a range of climate trajectory scenarios. This will be the first integration of sedaDNA-based vegetation records with biomarker-based climate records in lake sediment containing records of a much warmer Arctic. There are few ecosystem studies for the thin soils on crystalline terrain of the ECA. Floristic studies and vegetation-environment analyses around targeted lakes across a strong climate gradient establish the current relation between plant assemblages and summer temperature and define the relation between sedaDNA and nearby plant communities. Temperature loggers in soils, air, and lake- water, and analyzes of DNA and biomarkers in modern soils and lake surface sediment will enhance understanding of promising new molecular proxies and facilitate the development of regional training sets. The project brings together experts and state-of- the-art facilities in Arctic plant ecology, Paleoclimate, sedaDNA, and Organic Geochemistry to derive transformative new insight into the complex interplay between climate and biogeography at high latitudes, and will lead to a robust perspective on the potential response of ecosystems to anticipated future warming across the ECA. The project team is committed to sharing research results with the broader public through outreach among local communities in the Canadian Arctic as well as at home. The team will work closely with Inuit guides and assistants during fieldwork, much of which is near traditional hunting and fishing lands, and will share results with nearby Inuit communities through displays at Parks Canada offices. A strong partnership with Nunavut Research Institute and its affiliated Arctic College has been developed over several decades, and this partnership will be expanded by establishing an interactive lake-monitoring program in collaboration with the Environment Technology Program students and staff of Arctic College. In Boulder, Colorado, a scholarship-supported summer field and lab course for underrepresented high school students will be developed based on paleoecological and paleoclimatic perspectives on climate change. This project will help launch two early-career scientists, one female and one Latino, as well as a career scientist and two postdocs, two of whom are female, and two new graduate students. The laboratory component will support several graduate and undergraduate assistants, who will gain valuable research experience and have the opportunity to complete theses based on their research activities.

北极目前的变暖速度是全球平均水平的两倍，预计这将导致植物范围向北变化。木本植被的增加将减少光和热量的表面反射（反照率），并增加大气水蒸气，这是一种积极的反馈，目前在气候模型中不包括。在加拿大北极（ECA）的湖泊中，跨越了当前的冰川和先前冰期的较温暖的湖泊中的沉积物，保存沉积物远离DNA（Sedadna）和有机分子，可用于重建过去的生态系统及其对温度和温度的依赖性。通过将这些沉积物中的数据与现代植被研究和气候监测相结合，将开发基于经验的生态系统气候模型，以预测在一系列气候轨迹场景下，将北极生态系统的可能演变成2100。这将是基于Sedadna的植被记录与基于生物标志物的气候记录的首次整合，其中包含北极温暖的记录。对于ECA晶体地形上的薄土壤，生态系统研究很少。植物研究和植被环境周围的植被环境分析在强烈的气候梯度上建立了植物组合与夏季温度之间的当前关系，并定义了塞达德纳与附近植物社区之间的关系。土壤，空气和湖水中的温度记录仪以及现代土壤和湖面沉积物中DNA和生物标志物的分析将增强对有希望的新分子代理的理解，并促进区域训练集的发展。该项目汇集了北极植物生态学，古气候，塞德纳和有机地球化学的专家和最先进的设施，以在高纬度地区的气候与生物地理学之间的复杂相互作用获得转变的新见解，并将对预期未来eca的生态系统的潜在反应进行强有力的观点。项目团队致力于通过在加拿大北极和家里的当地社区之间的宣传与更广泛的公众共享研究结果。该团队将在现场工作期间与因纽特人的指南和助手紧密合作，其中大部分是在传统的狩猎和捕鱼地附近，并通过加拿大公园的展览与附近的因纽特人社区分享结果。与Nunavut Research Institute及其附属北极学院建立了牢固的合作伙伴关系，已经建立了数十年，该合作伙伴关系将通过与环境技术计划的学生和北极学院的员工合作建立互动的湖泊监测计划来扩展。在科罗拉多州的博尔德，将根据对气候变化的古生态和古气候观点的观点开发奖学金支持的夏季田野和实验室课程。该项目将有助于启动两名早期职业科学家，一名女性和一名拉丁裔，以及一名职业科学家和两个博士后，其中两个是女性，还有两个新的研究生。实验室组成部分将支持几位研究生和本科助理，他们将获得宝贵的研究经验，并有机会根据其研究活动来完成论文。

项目成果

Early Holocene Laurentide Ice Sheet Retreat Influenced Summer Atmospheric Circulation in Baffin Bay

• DOI: 10.1029/2023gl103428
• 发表时间: 2023-06
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: E. Thomas;A. Cluett;M. Erb;N. McKay;J. Briner;I. Castañeda;M. Corcoran;O. Cowling;D. Gorbey-D.-Go

Aquatic and Terrestrial Plant Contributions to Sedimentary Plant Waxes in a Modern Arctic Lake Setting

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jg006903
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
• 作者: K. Hollister;E. Thomas;M. Raynolds;H. Bültmann;J. Raberg;G. Miller;J. Sepúlveda

Southern Baffin Island mean annual precipitation isotopes modulated by summer and autumn moisture source changes during the past 5800 years

• DOI: 10.1002/jqs.3390
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: Journal of Quaternary Science
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: D. Gorbey;E. Thomas;S. Crump;K. Hollister;M. Raynolds;J. Raberg;Gregory Wet-Gregory- Wet-2139586212;J. Sepúlveda;G. Miller

Modern Eastern Canadian Arctic Lake Water Isotopes Exhibit Latitudinal Patterns in Inflow Seasonality and Minimal Evaporative Enrichment

现代加拿大东部北极湖水同位素在流入季节性和最小蒸发富集方面表现出纬度模式

• DOI: 10.1029/2021pa004384
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Gorbey, D. B.;Thomas, E. K.;Sauer, P. E.;Raynolds, M. K.;Miller, G. H.;Corcoran, M. C.;Cowling, O. C.;Crump, S. E.;Lovell, K.;Raberg, J. H.
• 通讯作者: Raberg, J. H.