Collaborative Research: Evaluating how abalone populations in the California Current are structured by the interplay of large-scale oceanographic forcing and nearshore variability

合作研究：评估加州海流中的鲍鱼种群是如何通过大规模海洋强迫和近岸变化的相互作用而构成的

• 批准号: 1736830
• 负责人: Fiorenza Micheli
• 金额: $ 91.34万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-10-01 至 2022-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1736830&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Evaluating; how; abalone; Collaborative; Research; Evaluating; how; abalone

Oceanographic variability is increasingly recognized as a driver of change in marine ecosystems. Understanding the effects of this oceanographic variability and its extremes on organisms, populations, ecosystems and the critical services they deliver is of great scientific interest and pivotal for resource management and policy. The overarching goal of this project is to determine how small-scale heterogeneity in habitat quality and site-specific vulnerability to extreme oceanographic conditions might help identify safe spaces and protect coastal populations and fisheries from the detrimental effects of increasing frequency, intensity and durations of extreme oceanographic conditions. This project will combine detailed nearshore oceanographic studies with ecological experiments and coupled biophysical modeling to advance understanding of the drivers of local oceanographic variability and consequent effects on coastal marine animals. The research will determine how multiple, potentially stressful, environmental drivers co-vary in the field and how such variation affects the population dynamics of coastal species. Specifically, this project will provide key insights regarding how changes in ocean acidification, dissolved oxygen and temperature will affect green and pink abalone, an ecologically and economically important resource in the southern California Current. Team members will work with partner non-governmental organizations, resource agencies, and fishing cooperative federations to disseminate results and incorporate data and insights into fisheries management and adaptation initiatives in Baja California, Mexico and in California, USA. This project will also support the training and professional development of underrepresented groups at the high school, undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral levels through direct involvement in research, intensive courses and international workshops.Despite large-scale drivers and regional perturbations, local variability in ocean conditions may be a major driver of the overall performance and vulnerability of coastal marine species. Research performed as part of this project will test two specific hypotheses: (1) The relative influences of upwelling versus tides, as mediated by coastal geometry and structural complexity associated with rocky reefs and kelp forests act to create high local variability in physical conditions, at scales of 10s-1000s meters; and (2) Local variability in oceanographic conditions results in high local patchiness in the performance of sedentary marine organisms, providing for safe spaces in the face of escalating heat waves, hypoxia, and acidification, that have caused recent mass mortalities in multiple species across the California Current region. Integrated oceanographic-ecological field studies will be conducted along the coast of Baja California, Mexico, using green and pink abalone (Haliotis fulgens, H. corrugata) as model species. Complementary laboratory experiments will evaluate how different exposure regimes (frequency, intensity and duration of high temperature, and/or low dissolved oxygen and acidity events) may affect the demography and persistence of abalone populations under current and future environments. Coupled biophysical and population models will integrate results from the field and laboratory experiments to understand how local variability in ocean conditions affects population dynamics over longer periods. The research will advance the understanding of factors affecting the resilience coastal species by (1) ascertaining how large-scale oceanographic phenomena manifest in ocean conditions (dissolved oxygen, acidity, temperature) at local scales that are most relevant to coastal marine ecosystems and (2) determining the effects of current, and expected future, ocean conditions and variability on important marine species.

海洋学变异性越来越被认为是海洋生态系统变化的驱动力。了解这种海洋变异性及其对生物体，人群，生态系统及其提供的关键服务的影响，对资源管理和政策具有极大的科学利益和关键。该项目的总体目标是确定栖息地质量和特定地点特异性海洋学条件的小规模异质性可能有助于识别安全空间并保护沿海人口和渔业免受极端海洋学条件的频率，强度和持续时间的不利影响。该项目将将详细的近海海洋研究与生态实验和耦合生物物理建模相结合，以提高人们对局部海洋学可变性驱动因素的了解，并对沿海海洋动物的影响。该研究将决定该领域中多种，潜在的压力，环境驱动因素如何影响沿海物种的种群动态。具体而言，该项目将提供有关海洋酸化，溶解氧和温度的变化如何影响绿色和粉红色鲍鱼的关键见解，绿色和粉红色的鲍鱼是南加州电流的生态和经济上重要的资源。团队成员将与合作伙伴非政府组织，资源机构和捕鱼合作联合会合作，以传播结果，并将数据和见解纳入渔业管理和适应性计划，并在加利福尼亚州巴贾，墨西哥和美国加利福尼亚州。该项目还将通过直接参与研究，强化课程和国际研讨会的直接参与，在高中，本科，研究生和博士后水平的培训和专业发展中。作为该项目的一部分进行的研究将检验两个特定的假设：（1）上升流与潮汐的相对影响，这是由沿海几何形状和与岩石礁相关的沿海几何形状和结构复杂性介导的，在物理条件下创造了较高的局部变异性，在10s-1000米的尺度上，局部变异； （2）海洋学条件下的局部变异性会导致久坐的海洋生物的性能较高的局部斑点，面对升级的热浪，缺氧和酸化的安全空间，这些空间在加利福尼亚当前地区的多个物种中造成了最近的质量死亡率。综合海洋生态现场研究将以绿色和粉红色的鲍鱼（Haliotis Fulgens，H。Corrugata）作为模型物种进行墨西哥加利福尼亚州巴哈沿海。互补实验室实验将评估不同的暴露方式（高温的频率，强度和持续时间和/或低溶解的氧气和酸度事件）如何影响当前和未来环境下鲍鱼种群的人口统计学和持久性。耦合的生物物理和人口模型将整合现场和实验室实验的结果，以了解海洋条件中的局部变异性如何影响较长时期的人口动态。这项研究将通过（1）确定在海洋状况（溶解的氧气，酸度，温度）在最相关的沿海海洋生态系统以及（2）确定当前，预期的未来，海洋条件对重要的海洋物种的影响，在海洋条件（溶解的氧气，酸度，温度）上，通过（1）确定在海洋条件（溶解的氧气，酸度，温度）中，通过（1）确定大规模海洋学现象来提高对影响弹性沿海物种的因素的理解。