An experimental facility to test the impacts of multiple physical stressors on physiology, ecology and genomics of marine species

测试多种物理压力源对海洋物种生理学、生态学和基因组学影响的实验设施

• 批准号: 1722513
• 负责人: Fiorenza Micheli
• 金额: $ 27.93万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-15 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1722513&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: experimental; facility; test; impacts; multiple; experimental; facility; test; impacts; multiple

Coastal marine ecosystems in the US and the economies that depend on them are experiencing the brunt of an increasingly variable climate, characterized by increasing frequency and intensity of heat waves, strong El Niño events, storms, low-oxygen episodes and gradual ocean acidification. These changes in the environment have cumulative biological effects, and a great deal of research shows how each one separately affects many marine species. What is needed next is a set of experiments on how these environmental factors act when they act in combination with each other. This project will establish a new multi-user experimental facility at Hopkins Marine Station that will provide independent control of seawater temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and acidification. These units will allow researchers to expose marine species to the wide range of physical conditions found naturally in upwelling ecosystems, and to alter those conditions to match future predictions. The proposed facility will enable training in experimental biology and climate change science for postdoctoral researchers, graduate and undergraduate students at all Monterey Bay institutions, K-12 outreach programs, and a training program for graduate students from the University of Puerto Rico. A major component of the proposed training activities is through collaboration with faculty at California State University Monterey Bay in supporting broad participation of underrepresented minorities, women and first generation college students in independent research and course-based projects. The impact of multiple environmental stressors acting together on marine species has been hypothesized to be more than the sum of the impacts of single stressors alone. Yet this hypothesis has not often been tested across a range of species that naturally experience multi-stressor environmental impacts. The proposed facility will enable researchers at marine institutions in the Monterey Bay area to conduct the next generation of multi-stressor experiments with a suite of benthic and pelagic marine invertebrates and fishes that are relevant to local ecosystems and environmental variability. This project will address this issue by establishing a new multi-user experimental facility at Hopkins Marine Station (https://hopkinsmarinestation.stanford.edu) that will allow independent control of seawater temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and pH over a range of parameter values that regularly occur in Monterey Bay and the offshore waters of the California Current System. The facility will include 40 independently controlled 189-liter aquaria and is based on successful construction and experimental use of four fully working prototypes. Thirty-six units will be added as part of this project. Four 500-liter round tanks to facilitate the study of small pelagic fishes and squid, and a small-tank system designed to allow the rapid change of multiple physical parameters through mixing of controlled water volumes for experiments on pelagic squid and fishes that involve equipment-intensive electrophysiological and biomechanical approaches will be components of the system to be employed. Experiments conducted in this facility will be analyzed through a wide range of modern tools including advanced genomics, neurophysiology, analysis of species interaction strengths, and ecosystem modeling. Overall, these facilities will provide an unprecedented ability to conduct collaborative joint experiments on a wide range of ecologically and economically relevant species and will support a creative and comprehensive research program on the effects of changing physical parameters on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of the future oceans.

美国的沿海海洋生态系统和取决于它们的经济系统正经历着越来越多的气候的首当其冲，其特征是热浪的频率和强度增加，强烈的厄尔尼诺事件，暴风雨，低氧发作和级别的海洋酸化。环境中的这些变化具有累积的生物学作用，大量研究表明，每个研究都如何分别影响许多海洋物种。接下来需要的是一组有关这些环境因素相互作用时如何作用的实验。该项目将在霍普金斯海洋站建立一个新的多用户实验设施，该设施将独立控制海水温度，溶解的氧气浓度和酸化。这些单位将使研究人员能够将海洋物种暴露于自然在上升的生态系统中发现的广泛的身体状况，并改变这些条件以符合未来的预测。拟议的设施将在所有蒙特利湾机构，K-12外展计划以及为波多黎各大学的研究生的培训计划中，在所有蒙特利湾机构，K-12外展计划中为博士后研究人员，研究生和本科生提供实验生物学和气候变化科学培训。拟议的培训活动的一个主要组成部分是与加利福尼亚州立大学蒙特雷湾教师合作，支持代表不足的少数民族，妇女和第一代大学生参与独立研究和基于课程的项目。假设，多种环境压力源对海洋物种的影响不仅仅是单一压力源的影响总和。然而，这种假设并未经常在自然产生多应力环境影响的一系列物种上进行检验。拟议的设施将使蒙特雷湾地区的海洋机构的研究人员能够使用与本地生态系统和环境变异性相关的底栖生物和上层海洋无脊椎动物和鱼类进行下一代多压力实验。该项目将通过在霍普金斯海军陆战队（https://hopkinsmarinestation.stanford.edu）建立新的多用户实验设施来解决这个问题，该设施将允许对海水温度，溶解的氧气浓度和pH值独立控制在蒙特雷湾湾和近乎近乎近乎近乎近乎近乎近乎近乎近海的沃特群岛的一系列参数范围内。该设施将包括40个独立控制的189升水族箱，并基于成功构造和实验使用四个完全工作原型。作为该项目的一部分，将添加36个单位。四个500升的圆罐，以促进小型的上层鱼​​类和鱿鱼的研究，以及一个小型坦克系统，旨在通过混合受控的水量来快速更改多个物理参数，以实验上层鱿鱼和涉及设备密集型电力生理学和生物力学方法的鱼类的实验，从而使该系统构成了构成系统的组成。该设施中进行的实验将通过多种现代工具进行分析，包括先进的基因组学，神经生理学，物种相互作用强度的分析和生态系统建模。总体而言，这些设施将提供前所未有的能力，可以在各种生态和经济相关的物种上进行协作联合实验，并将支持一项关于改变物理参数对生物多样性和生态系统功能的影响的创造性和全面研究计划。