Collaborative Research: Food Sovereignty and Self-Governance--Inuit Role in Managing Arctic Marine Resources

合作研究：粮食主权和自治——因纽特人在管理北极海洋资源中的作用

• 批准号: 1732266
• 负责人: Dalee Dorough
• 金额: $ 9.88万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Anchorage Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1732266&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Food; Sovereignty; Self

Inuit possess a distinct and sophisticated knowledge of the Artic ecosystem which is crucial to its balance and sustainability. As first inhabitants, stewards, and traditional users intimately tied to the Arctic environment, the discrete status, rights, and interests of Inuit as Indigenous Peoples are affirmed in a number of legally binding treaties, as well as other international human rights instruments and domestic laws. Inuit authorities, organizations, and communities are central to the establishment and maintenance of effective mechanisms for safeguarding this ecologically and culturally unique region.The Food Sovereignty and Self-Governance Project aims to advance understanding of Inuit self-governance of marine resources deemed crucial for Inuit food security. This includes exploring how Inuit co-management systems support food sovereignty objectives - outcomes that are essential for supporting human rights of Inuit communities. This project will examine the role Inuit communities in Alaska and Canada play in managing these resources as co-equal partners with their counterparts in federal, state, and local government agencies. The results derived from the research will prove valuable to other Arctic federal governments collaborating with Indigenous communities to achieve objectives related to the environmental, social, and ecological well-being of the Arctic. The project's overarching goals are to:1) Synthesize the existing legal frameworks providing for Inuit self-governance by evaluating applicable legal authorities in the United States (U.S.) and Canada;2) Determine how existing Inuit self-governance approaches operate in practice by examining four co-management case studies as examples of approaches to food sovereignty. This will provide a comprehensive understanding of the social, political, and institutional parameters affecting implementation of key legal frameworks;3) Understand whether and how Inuit self-governance systems support food sovereignty by comparing food sovereignty objectives against both these legal frameworks and observation of the implementation of those systems in practice; and4) Disseminate Project findings to Inuit, state/territorial, national, and international leaders with the goal of supporting and driving improvements to systems providing for collaborative management of Arctic marine resources in the face of rapid ecological change.The Project Team will take a two-tiered analytical approach to address these goals: (1) doctrinal legal research that evaluates legal and institutional frameworks; and (2) socio-legal analysis through case-studies. The legal research will examine relevant laws, regulations, and policies at all levels of government, building a framework essential to understanding how Arctic collaborative governance functions in theory. The case studies will take the next step - moving from how these governance systems should work to how they operate in practice - and, ultimately, how they could be improved in a manner which optimizes outcomes for food sovereignty, human rights, and resource sustainability. Case studies conducted in partnership with those participating in co-management regimes, will focus on Walrus and Salmon in Alaska and Char and Beluga in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region of Canada. Current partners of this project include:(1) The Eskimo Walrus Commission(2) The Fisheries Joint Management Committee(3) The Inuvialuit Game CouncilOrganizations advising this project include both the Association of Village Council Presidents and the Inuit Circumpolar Council Canada.Project researchers conducting the case study analysis will follow a "co-production of knowledge" approach, in which no one person's information and knowledge is assigned greater inherent value than another's. Researchers with utilize Indigenous Knowledge and social science methodologies. The project will intimately engage with Inuit who play a role in natural resources management in the U.S. and Canadian Arctic under each case study, through focus groups, semi-directive interviews and discussions'all guided by input provided by an expert Advisory Committee. The Project will advance the state of knowledge on how Inuit self-governance approaches support Inuit food sovereignty objectives and resource sustainability. With a combined focus on the United States and Canada, the Project will enable comparative analysis of legal and institutional structures, practices, and perceptions to facilitate critical evaluation of Inuit self-governance over marine resources as embodied in co-management regimes. This research will also be useful for other Arctic nations that are working with Indigenous peoples to achieve the environmental, social, and ecological well-being of the Arctic.

因纽特人对艺术生态系统具有独特而复杂的知识，这对于其平衡和可持续性至关重要。作为首先居民，管家和传统用户与北极环境紧密相关，在许多具有法律约束力的条约以及其他国际人权文书和国内法律中确认了因纽特人作为土著人民的离散地位，权利和利益。因纽特人当局，组织和社区是建立和维护有效机制来保护这一生态和文化独特地区的核心。食品主权和自治项目旨在促进对海洋资源对Inuit粮食安全至关重要的因纽特人自治的理解。这包括探索因纽特人共同管理系统如何支持粮食主权目标 - 这对于支持因纽特人社区人权至关重要的结果。该项目将研究阿拉斯加和加拿大的因纽特人社区在管理这些资源方面的角色，作为与联邦，州和地方政府机构的同行的共同合作伙伴。该研究得出的结果将证明对与土著社区合作的其他北极联邦政府非常有价值，以实现与北极环境，社会和生态福祉相关的目标。该项目的总体目标是：1）通过评估美国（美国）和加拿大的适用法律机构来综合提供因纽特人自治的现有法律框架； 2）确定现有的因纽特人自治方法如何通过研究四个共同管理案例研究作为食品sovereignty的示例来实践中的现有自治方法。这将提供对影响关键法律框架实施的社会，政治和机构参数的全面理解； 3）了解工资自治系统是否以及如何通过比较食品主权目标与这些法律框架以及对实践中这些系统实施的观察来支持食品主权；和4）将项目调查结果传播给因纽特人，州/地区，国家和国际领导者，其目的是支持和推动改进对北极海洋资源进行协作管理的系统，以面对快速的生态变革。项目团队将采用两层分析方法来解决这些目标：（1）法律研究：（1）评估法律和企业的教学法律研究； （2）通过案例研究的社会法分析。 法律研究将研究各级政府的相关法律，法规和政策，建立一个框架，以了解理论上北极协作治理如何功能。 案例研究将采取下一步 - 从这些治理系统应如何工作到它们在实践中的运作方式 - 最终，如何以优化食品主权，人权和资源可持续性的结果的方式进行改进。与参加共同管理制度的人合作进行的案例研究将重点关注加拿大Inuvialuit定居点地区的阿拉斯加的海象和鲑鱼，以及Char and Beluga。该项目的现任合作伙伴包括：（1）Eskimo Walrus委员会（2）渔业联合管理委员会（3）咨询该项目的Inuvialuit游戏委员会举措包括村庄理事会主席协会和加拿大的Inuit Croctumpolar Counce。进行案例研究分析的项目分析将遵循“知识的共同生产”，而不是在某种程度上构成了一项更大的态度，而不是一位知识的属性，而这是一个更大的态度。具有土著知识和社会科学方法论的研究人员。该项目将与因纽特人密切互动，后者在每个案例研究下，通过焦点小组，半指导访谈和讨论的所有案例研究中在美国和加拿大北极发挥作用，并以专家咨询委员会提供的意见为指导。该项目将提高知识的状态，即因纽特人自治如何支持因纽特人食品主权目标和资源可持续性。该项目的联合关注于美国和加拿大，该项目将对法律和机构结构，实践和看法进行比较分析，以促进对共同管理制度体现的因纽特人自治对海洋资源的批判性评估。这项研究对于与土著人民合作以实现北极环境，社会和生态福祉的其他北极国家也将很有用。