SaTC: CORE: Small: Negotiating Cyber Systems Access for Older Adults with Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

SaTC：核心：小：为患有轻度神经认知障碍的老年人协商网络系统访问权限

• 批准号: 1714514
• 负责人: Helena Mentis
• 金额: $ 49.96万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland Baltimore County
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2024-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1714514&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SaTC; CORE; Small; Negotiating; Cyber

Older adults are rapidly increasing their use of online services such as banking, social media, and email -- services that come with risks around security and privacy. These risks may be especially important for older adults who suffer from mild neurocognitive disorder (miNCD), which can reduce their ability to recognize scams such as email phishing, follow recommended password guidelines, and consider downstream implications of sharing personal information. One way older adults with miNCD cope with their impairments is through the help of caregivers, including partners, children, and professional health personnel, when using and managing online services. This, too, carries risks: sharing personal information with caregivers can raise questions of embarrassment, agency, autonomy, and information leakage; caregivers also do not always act in their charges' best interest. Through a series of interviews, design work, and evaluation, this project will study the issues that arise around caregivers helping older adults with miNCD use security- and privacy-sensitive online services, and how new system designs can reduce the privacy, security, and relational risks involved while increasing older adults' autonomy and access to online services. Beyond that specific context, the work will deepen understanding of both how cognitive impairments affect technology use and how to design accessible technologies that people with impairments use through collaborating with others -- a common situation for people with a variety of physical and mental impairments. The work will also inform interdisciplinary course materials aimed at technology and aging and provide both undergraduate and graduate students research experiences working with these populations.The work is organized around three main activities. The first aims to determine how older adults with miNCD and their caregivers currently manage access to such services, and problems with current practices. To do this, the team will study pairs of caregivers and older adults (both with and without miNCD, to isolate whether findings are related to age versus cognitive disorder), using a person-centered design approach that combines short-duration interview and observational work in comfortable environments and is well-suited to working with both older and cognitively impaired individuals. These findings will be used to develop requirements for the second main activity, a participatory design (PD) process aimed at designing interaction mechanisms for cooperative negotiation around access to online banking, social media, and email accounts. The PD process will also follow the person-centered philosophy, using an "invisible device" paradigm that prompts participants for design ideas by showing video scenarios in which actors use and discuss unspecified devices to address issues identified in phase 1. The team will then synthesize ideas generated by caregiver-older adult pairs into user interaction prototypes for each of the three domains and test them for basic usability. The third main activity is a six-month longitudinal deployment of these prototypes to 40 older adults (20 with and 20 without miNCD). Participants will keep a diary of adverse events and their reactions; the team will analyze these, along with surveys, interviews, and video observations, to assess how the technologies affect participants' perceptions of their caregivers and autonomy, their involvement in and satisfaction with decision-making around online access, and their ability to manage risks around security and privacy.

老年人正在迅速增加对银行、社交媒体和电子邮件等在线服务的使用，这些服务存在安全和隐私风险。 这些风险对于患有轻度神经认知障碍 (miNCD) 的老年人来说可能尤其重要，这可能会降低他们识别电子邮件网络钓鱼等诈骗、遵循建议的密码指南以及考虑共享个人信息的下游影响的能力。 患有轻度非传染性疾病的老年人应对其障碍的一种方法是在使用和管理在线服务时寻求护理人员的帮助，包括伴侣、儿童和专业卫生人员。 这也存在风险：与护理人员分享个人信息可能会引发尴尬、代理、自主和信息泄露等问题；护理人员也并不总是以照顾者的最佳利益为出发点。 通过一系列访谈、设计工作和评估，该项目将研究护理人员帮助患有 miNCD 的老年人使用安全和隐私敏感的在线服务时出现的问题，以及新的系统设计如何减少隐私、安全和隐私问题。增加老年人的自主权和获得在线服务的机会时所涉及的关系风险。 除了特定的背景之外，这项工作还将加深对认知障碍如何影响技术使用以及如何设计障碍人士通过与他人合作使用的无障碍技术的理解——这是患有各种身体和精神障碍的人的常见情况。 这项工作还将为针对技术和老龄化的跨学科课程材料提供信息，并为本科生和研究生提供与这些人群合作的研究经验。这项工作围绕三项主要活动进行组织。 第一个目标是确定患有轻度非传染性疾病的老年人及其护理人员目前如何管理获得此类服务的机会，以及当前实践中存在的问题。 为此，该团队将使用以人为中心的设计方法，结合短期访谈和观察工作，对护理人员和老年人进行研究（无论是否患有 miNCD，以确定研究结果是否与年龄和认知障碍相关）在舒适的环境中，非常适合与老年人和认知障碍人士一起工作。 这些发现将用于制定第二项主要活动的要求，即参与式设计（PD）流程，旨在设计围绕访问网上银行、社交媒体和电子邮件帐户进行合作谈判的交互机制。 PD 流程还将遵循以人为本的理念，使用“隐形设备”范式，通过展示参与者使用和讨论未指定设备来解决第一阶段中发现的问题的视频场景，提示参与者设计想法。然后团队将综合将护理人员与老年人配对产生的想法转化为三个领域中每个领域的用户交互原型，并测试它们的基本可用性。 第三项主要活动是将这些原型向 40 名老年人（20 名患有 miNCD，20 名未患有 miNCD）进行为期 6 个月的纵向部署。 参与者将记录不良事件及其反应的日记；该团队将分析这些内容以及调查、访谈和视频观察，以评估这些技术如何影响参与者对其护理人员和自主权的看法、他们对在线访问决策的参与度和满意度，以及他们管理风险的能力围绕安全和隐私。

项目成果

Realizing Choice: Online Safeguards for Couples Adapting to Cognitive Challenges

实现选择：适应认知挑战的夫妻的在线保障

• 发表时间: 2020-01
• 期刊: Sixteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security ({SOUPS} 2020
• 作者: McDonald, Nora;Larsen, Alison;Battisti, Allison;Madjaroff, Galina;Massey, Aaron;Mentis, Helena
• 通讯作者: Mentis, Helena

Upside and Downside Risk in Online Security for Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

患有轻度认知障碍的老年人的在线安全的上行和下行风险

• DOI: 10.1145/3290605.3300573
• 发表时间: 2019-01
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
• 作者: Mentis, Helena M.;Madjaroff, Galina;Massey, Aaron K.
• 通讯作者: Massey, Aaron K.

The Illusion of Choice in Discussing Cybersecurity Safeguards Between Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Their Caregivers

轻度认知障碍老年人及其照顾者之间讨论网络安全保障时的选择错觉

• DOI: 10.1145/3415235
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction
• 作者: Mentis, Helena M.;Madjaroff, Galina;Massey, Aaron;Trendafilova, Zoya
• 通讯作者: Trendafilova, Zoya

“Citizens Too”: Safety Setting Collaboration Among Older Adults with Memory Concerns

“公民也是如此”：有记忆问题的老年人之间的安全设置协作

• DOI: 10.1145/3465217
• 发表时间: 2021-10
• 期刊: ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Mcdonald, Nora;Mentis, Helena M.
• 通讯作者: Mentis, Helena M.

Building for ‘We’: Safety Settings for Couples with Memory Concerns

为“我们”而建：为有记忆问题的夫妇提供安全设置

• DOI: 10.1145/3411764.3445071
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
• 作者: McDonald, Nora;Mentis, Helena M.
• 通讯作者: Mentis, Helena M.