TWC: TTP Option: Large: Collaborative: Towards a Science of Censorship Resistance

TWC：TTP 选项：大：协作：走向审查制度抵抗的科学

• 批准号: 1700657
• 负责人: Phillipa Gill
• 金额: $ 24.45万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Amherst
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-19 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1700657&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: TWC; TTP; Option; Large; Collaborative

The proliferation and increasing sophistication of censorship warrants continuing efforts to develop tools to evade it. Yet, designing effective mechanisms for censorship resistance ultimately depends on accurate models of the capabilities of censors, as well as how those capabilities will likely evolve. In contrast to more established disciplines within security, censorship resistance is relatively nascent, not yet having solid foundations for understanding censor capabilities or evaluating the effectiveness of evasion technologies. Consequently, the censorship resistance tools that researchers develop may ultimately fail to serve the needs of citizens who need them to communicate. Designers of these tools need a principled foundation for reasoning about design choices and tradeoffs. To provide such a foundation, this project develops a science of censorship resistance: principled approaches to understanding the nature of censorship and the best ways to facilitate desired outcomes. The approach draws upon empirical studies of censorship as the foundation for models and abstractions to allow us to reason about the censorship-resistant technologies from first principles. The project aims to characterize and model censorship activities ranging from blocked search results to interference with international network traffic. The research develops theoretical models of censorship; reconciles these with large-scale empirical measurements; and uses these observations to design censorship-resistance tools to deploy in practice, as both components of Tor and standalone systems.

审查制度的扩散和日益复杂需要不断努力开发规避审查的工具。然而，设计有效的抗审查机制最终取决于审查者能力的准确模型，以及这些能力可能如何发展。与安全领域更成熟的学科相比，审查抵抗相对新生，尚未具备理解审查能力或评估规避技术有效性的坚实基础。因此，研究人员开发的抗审查工具最终可能无法满足需要这些工具进行交流的公民的需求。这些工具的设计者需要一个原则性的基础来推理设计选择和权衡。为了提供这样的基础，该项目开发了一门抵抗审查制度的科学：理解审查制度本质的原则性方法以及促进期望结果的最佳方法。该方法利用审查制度的实证研究作为模型和抽象的基础，使我们能够从第一原理出发推理抗审查技术。该项目旨在描述和模拟审查活动，从阻止搜索结果到干扰国际网络流量。该研究开发了审查制度的理论模型；将这些与大规模的经验测量相协调；并利用这些观察结果设计抗审查工具并在实践中部署，作为 Tor 的组件和独立系统。

项目成果

Characterizing the Deployment and Performance of Multi-CDNs

表征多 CDN 的部署和性能

• 发表时间: 2018-10
• 期刊: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference
• 作者: Singh, Rachee;Dunna, Arun;Gill, Phillipa
• 通讯作者: Gill, Phillipa

ICLab: A Global Longitudinal Internet Censorship Measurement Platform

ICLab：全球纵向互联网审查测量平台

• 发表时间: 2020-01
• 期刊: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
• 作者: Akhavan Niaki, A.;Cho, S.;Weinberg, Z.;Hoang, N.P.;Razaghpanah, A.;Christin, N.;Gill, P.
• 通讯作者: Gill, P.

A Large-Scale Analysis of Deployed Traffic Differentiation Practices

对已部署的流量差异化实践的大规模分析

• 发表时间: 2019-01
• 期刊: ACM SIGCOMM
• 作者: Li, F.;Akhavan Niaki, A.;Choffnes, D.;Gill, P.;Mislove, A.
• 通讯作者: Mislove, A.