Nation, Society an Military in post-revolutionary France: the Political and Social Impact of the French National Guard (1814-1852)

革命后法国的国家、社会和军队：法国国民警卫队的政治和社会影响（1814-1852）

• 批准号: 228987457
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Jörn Leonhard
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Neuere und Neueste Geschichte Westeuropas
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/228987457?language=en
• 关键词: Nation; Society; Military; post; revolutionary

The research project deals with the French National Guard between 1814 and 1852.The French National Guard arises from the civic militias in 1789, whose members were keen on protecting their properties and defending their political interests, it was institutionalised with the constitution of 1791 and dissolved only in 1872 at the beginning of the Third Republic. The National Guard was a voluntary troop which played a major role during political changes like the return of the monarchy in 1814, the Julyrevolution in 1830 and the revolution of 1848.This project aims at investigating the French National Guard between 1814 and 1852 as a mirror reflecting contemporary experiences and the the different concepts of political and social order, which were meant to be realised with the National Guard. Most importantly, the project stresses the complex relation between the instrumentalisation of the National Guard on the one hand and the institutional self-will of the latter on the other. The National Guard is hence analysed as an important part of the society whose members served for the maintenance of public order during the constitutional monarchy after 1814 and during the Second Republic from 1848 onwards. As veterans of the revolutionary and Napoleonic wars, their experiences however went back to the era of the Revolution and the Empire. As a result the guardsmen adopted a critical view as for the social and political circumstances of their time after 1814, which led them to impose their own political opinions and ideas of social concepts.

该研究项目涉及1814年至1852年间的法国国民警卫队。法国国民警卫队起源于1789年的民兵组织，其成员热衷于保护自己的财产和捍卫自己的政治利益，1791年宪法将其制度化并解散直到1872年第三共和国初期。国民警卫队是一支志愿部队，在1814年君主制回归、1830年七月革命和1848年革命等政治变革中发挥了重要作用。本项目旨在以1814年至1852年期间的法国国民警卫队为镜子进行调查反映了当代经验以及政治和社会秩序的不同概念，这些概念本应通过国民警卫队来实现。最重要的是，该项目一方面强调国民警卫队的工具化，另一方面强调国民警卫队的机构自我意志之间的复杂关系。因此，国民警卫队被分析为社会的重要组成部分，其成员在 1814 年之后的君主立宪制期间和 1848 年之后的第二共和国期间为维护公共秩序服务。作为革命战争和拿破仑战争的老兵，他们的经历却可以追溯到大革命和帝国时代。结果，卫兵们对 1814 年之后的社会和政治环境采取了批判性的看法，这导致他们强加自己的政治观点和社会观念。