DISSERTATION RESEARCH: The evolution of symbiotic polydnaviruses in Parapanteles parasitoid wasps

论文研究：Parapanteles 寄生蜂中共生多DNA病毒的进化

• 批准号: 1701925
• 负责人: James Whitfield
• 金额: $ 2.06万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1701925&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; evolution; symbiotic; polydnaviruses

When two different species have a long-term and consistent interaction they reciprocally influence each other's evolutionary fate. Understanding how these interactions with other species have shaped an organism over time is key to understanding how and why that organism is the way it is today, which is fundamentally important to understanding the complexity and diversity of nature and very useful when trying to control an organism with an economic consequence. Many types of wasps inject their eggs into the body of another living insect, which hatch into larvae that consume the host. Wasps in the subfamily Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) use a specialized virus, polydnavirus, to prevent their hosts, caterpillars, from destroying their eggs and larvae. Microgastrine wasps are one of the most important ecological and agricultural natural enemies to the caterpillars of butterflies and moths, including many agricultural pests. This research will compare the genomes polydnaviruses from a small group of closely related microgastrines. This group of microgastrines was at one point a single species that attacked 1-3 species of host caterpillars, but evolved over time into about 20 species that each attack different caterpillar species. The goal of this project is to identify which virus genes changed the most and which changed the least as this group of wasps evolved into several different species which have adapted to different hosts. This will identify which virus genes have universally important functions for disabling caterpillars' immune defenses and which genes may have specific functions that are adapted to work in a specific host. This will contribute to understanding how polydnaviruses help microgastrines adapt to new host caterpillars, how they are able to adapt to thousands of different caterpillar immune systems, and why there are so many species of microgastrines. This is especially important for understanding why some groups of organisms evolve into many more species than other groups of organisms, and for discovering new ways to control caterpillar species, many of which are important agricultural pests.Polydnavirus genes that interfere with host immunity are hypothesized to evolve rapidly in an evolutionary arms-race with the host immune adaptations. Polydnavirus genomes are integrated into the microgastrine wasps' nuclear genome. Parapanteles Ashmead is a small microgastrine genus with well-studied microgastrine host use patterns. A draft genome of Parapanteles continua has already been sequenced and assembled and putative polydnavirus genes have been identified within it. This research will sequence and assemble the genomes of 20 more Parapanteles species, annotate their polydnavirus genes, and phylogenetically investigate how these genes have evolved, especially in relation to host-switches.

当两个不同的物种具有长期且一致的相互作用时，它们会相互影响彼此的进化命运。了解这些与其他物种的相互作用如何随着时间的流逝而塑造了生物体，这是了解该生物如何以及为什么是今天的方式，这对于理解自然的复杂性和多样性至关重要，并且在试图以经济后果控制生物体时非常有用。许多类型的黄蜂将卵注射到另一种活昆虫的体内，这些昆虫孵化成消耗宿主的幼虫。亚家族微胶质膜（膜翅目：braconidae）中的黄蜂使用专门的病毒Polydnavirus，以防止其宿主，毛毛虫破坏其卵和幼虫。微量胃黄蜂是蝴蝶和飞蛾毛毛虫的最重要的生态和农业自然敌人之一，包括许多农业害虫。这项研究将比较一小部分紧密相关的微层层中的基因组聚肠病毒。这组微叠岩在某一时刻是一个攻击1-3种宿主毛毛虫的单一物种，但随着时间的流逝，每种物种都演变成大约20种，每种物种都会攻击不同的毛毛虫物种。该项目的目的是确定哪种病毒基因改变了最大，而哪一组变成了这组黄蜂变成适应不同宿主的几种不同物种。这将确定哪些病毒基因具有普遍重要的功能，可用于禁用毛毛虫的免疫防御能力，哪些基因可能具有适用于特定宿主起作用的特定功能。这将有助于理解多核病毒如何帮助微层腔适应新的宿主毛毛虫，如何能够适应数千种不同的毛毛虫免疫系统，以及为什么有这么多的微胶质细胞。这对于理解为什么某些生物群比其他生物群进化为多种物种尤其重要，并且要发现控制毛毛虫物种的新方法，其中许多物种是重要的农业害虫，这些害虫都会迅速迅速发展，以迅速发展，以迅速发展，以迅速发展宿主免疫。多鼻病毒基因组被整合到微量胃蜂的核基因组中。 Parapanteles Ashmead是一个小的微型胃属，具有精心研究的微叠层宿主使用模式。伴侣连续的基因组草案已经被测序并组装，并且在其中鉴定了推​​定的多鼻病毒基因。这项研究将对另外20种偏头膜物种的基因组进行测序并组装，并注释其多鼻病毒基因，并从系统发育中研究这些基因的发展方式，尤其是与宿主开关有关。