DISSERTATION RESEARCH: The role of rapid adaptation in population establishment

论文研究：快速适应在人口建立中的作用

• 批准号: 1701791
• 负责人: Jennifer Lau
• 金额: $ 2.01万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-06-15 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1701791&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; role; rapid; adaptation

Evolution was once assumed to only occur slowly over long time scales, but many recent studies have found that rapid adaptation (adaptation that occurs over timescales observable by humans) can occur across a wide range of species and in many biological systems, and can affect ecological interactions and processes. Theory predicts that rapid adaptation can also potentially affect the establishment of species in new habitats, but there is little evidence from natural systems to support this. This project will investigate rapid adaptation in recently established plant populations, as well as how symbiotic microbes might influence plant rapid adaptation. By conducting this work at an ecological restoration site, this project will not only expand our understanding of basic ecological processes, but results of the project can be applied to make restorations more successful. This is important, as the restoration of degraded landscapes can play a critical role in biodiversity conservation, yet species sown into restorations often fail to establish. Additionally, this project includes the mentoring of undergraduate students and development of online educational materials for K-12 students.By using field experiments, reciprocal transplants, and greenhouse studies, this project aims to expand understanding of the role of rapid adaptation in population establishment in several ways. First, although empirical evidence suggests that evolution may occur rapidly enough to influence establishment, few studies consider the demographic effects of adaptation. This study will examine the demographic effects of adaptation in recently established plant populations. Second, this work aims to identify the selective agents and traits responsible for local adaptation, which few studies attempt to do. By combining selection analyses with reciprocal transplant experiments, this study will both predict evolutionary responses and test whether those predicted evolutionary shifts have actually occurred. Finally, this work will investigate the role of microbial mutualists in plant rapid adaptation by examining interactions between legumes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria and how traits mediating interactions with rhizobia have evolved in response to field environments that differ in soil nutrient availability and rhizobium community properties. The results of this work will elucidate the mechanisms underlying the relationship between rapid adaptation and population establishment.

曾经假定进化仅在长期尺度上缓慢发生，但是许多最近的研究发现，在广泛的物种和许多生物系统中，可以发生迅速的适应性（在人类可观察到的时间表上发生的适应性），并且可能影响生态相互作用和过程。理论预测，快速适应也可能影响新栖息地中物种的建立，但是自然系统几乎没有证据来支持这一点。该项目将研究最近建立的植物种群的快速适应，以及共生微生物如何影响植物快速适应。通过在生态恢复站点进行这项工作，该项目不仅将扩大我们对基本生态过程的理解，而且可以应用该项目的结果来使修复更成功。这很重要，因为恢复降解的景观可以在生物多样性保护中发挥关键作用，但是物种播种到修复体中通常无法确定。此外，该项目包括对本科生的指导和为K-12学生开发在线教育材料。通过使用现场实验，相互移植和温室研究，该项目旨在扩大人们对快速适应人口在人群建立中的作用的了解。首先，尽管经验证据表明进化可能会迅速地发生以影响建立，但很少有研究考虑适应的人口影响。这项研究将检查最近建立的植物种群适应的人口统计学影响。其次，这项工作旨在确定负责本地适应的选择性代理和特征，很少有研究试图做到这一点。通过将选择分析与相互移植实验相结合，本研究将预测进化反应，又将测试这些预测的进化转移是否实际发生。最后，这项工作将通过研究豆类与氮固定细菌之间的相互作用以及如何介导与根瘤菌相互作用的特征在响应于土壤养分可用性和根瘤菌社区的土壤养分可用性和根瘤菌群体不同的野外环境中演变而发展，从而研究微生物共同主义者在植物快速适应中的作用。这项工作的结果将阐明快速适应与人口建立之间关系的基础机制。

项目成果

The Limits to Adaptation in Restored Ecosystems and How Management Can Help Overcome Them

恢复的生态系统适应的限制以及管理如何帮助克服这些限制

• DOI: 10.3417/2019430
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Lau, Jennifer A.;Magnoli, Susan M.;Zirbel, Chad R.;Brudvig, Lars A.
• 通讯作者: Brudvig, Lars A.