Collaborative Research: The Norrona Project: An International Collaboration for Sustained Studies of the Meridional Overturning Circulation between Denmark, the Faroes and Iceland

合作研究：诺罗纳项目：丹麦、法罗群岛和冰岛之间经向翻转环流持续研究的国际合作

基本信息

批准号：
1658226
负责人：
H. Thomas Rossby
金额：
$ 13.83万
依托单位：
University of Rhode Island
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-05-15 至 2020-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1658226&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Norrona Project International

项目摘要

The presence of and flow of warm salty water across the northern North Atlantic plays a key role in shaping the mild climate of central and northern Europe. This flow is in large measure controlled by enormous heat losses in the Nordic Seas that transform this water into very dense water that eventually spill back out into the deep North Atlantic. Since 2008, the flow of North Atlantic Water into the Nordic Seas has been measured where it passes through natural choke points: the Faroe-Shetland Channel (FSC) and the Iceland-Faroe Ridge (IFR). The measurements come from a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) that scans currents at high horizontal resolution along the track of the high-seas ferry M/F Norröna. While this has been a tremendous success, during rough weather in the winter bubbles are swept down and interfere with the instrument. To mitigate this problem, the instrument was recently moved further aft to the skeg, where fewer bubbles are expected. This project will allow the researchers to assess the improvement in data quality, and participate in the operation of the instrument and scientific analyses for another two years over which the operation will be handed over to scientists at the Institute of Marine Research (IMR) in Bergen, Norway and at Faroes Marine Research Institute. The Iceland-Faroe-Scotland ridge separates two large and distinctly different water mass systems (the North Atlantic and the Arctic Mediterranean) that communicate through warm, salty inflow and dense water outflow through the deep gaps in the ridge. The inflow is quantified with these ADCP current profiles, coupled with temperature profiles from XBTs deployed automatically at selected sites from the Automated eXpendable Instrument System (AXIS) on the same vessel. On shorter time scales exchange is likely wind-driven, while on longer time scales (seasonal and longer) buoyancy loss must be of paramount importance. With sustained and improved Norröna monitoring of the inflows and moored ADCPs monitoring the outflow through the deep gaps (a Faroes-Norway program), one can examine in considerable detail the space-time response of these fluxes to time-varying atmospheric forcing including the well-known North-Atlantic Oscillation.

北大西洋北大西洋上温暖的咸水的存在和流动在塑造中国和北欧的温和气候方面起着关键作用。这种流程在北欧海洋中的巨大热量损失控制的大量测量中，这些热量将这种水转化为非常密集的水，最终将其溢回了北大西洋深地。自2008年以来，已经测量了北大西洋水进入北欧海洋的流动，它通过自然扼流点：Faroe-Shetland通道（FSC）和冰岛 - 弗罗伊山脊（IFR）。测量值来自船舶声型多普勒电流探测器（ADCP），该杂物沿高海洋渡轮M/FNorröna的轨道高水平分辨率扫描电流。尽管这取得了巨大的成功，但在冬季气泡的恶劣天气中，席卷并干扰了乐器。为了减轻此问题，该仪器最近被移至船尾，那里的气泡预计会更少。该项目将使研究人员能够评估数据质量的改善，并参与仪器的运作和科学分析的另外两年，在此期间，该操作将把操作移交给卑尔根，挪威，挪威和法鲁斯海洋研究所的海洋研究所（IMR）的科学家。冰岛 - 弗罗斯 - 斯科特兰山脊分隔了两个大型且截然不同的水质系统（北大西洋和北极地中海），它们通过温暖，咸的流入和密集的水出口通过山脊的深处进行通信。流入与这些ADCP电流曲线量化，并与来自同一容器上自动化式室内仪器系统（AXIS）自动部署的XBTS的温度曲线相结合。在较短的时间尺度上，交换可能是风向驱动的，而在更长的时间尺度（季节性和更长的时间）上，浮力损失必须至关重要。通过持续和改善的Norröna监测流入的流入和系泊ADCP，通过深度差距（Faroes-Norway计划）监测流出，人们可以在考虑详细信息中检查这些通量对时变大气强迫的时空响应，包括众所周知的北大西洋振荡。