The Downside of Smelling for Danger: Fitness Costs of Plant Defense Priming via Plant-Plant Volatile Signaling

嗅觉危险的缺点：通过植物间挥发性信号传导启动植物防御的适应成本

• 批准号: 1656625
• 负责人: Christopher Frost
• 金额: $ 76.36万
• 依托单位: University of Louisville Research Foundation Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-04-01 至 2020-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1656625&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Downside; Smelling; Danger; Fitness; Costs

Plants can detect airborne chemicals in their environment that are indicative of impending stress and prepare defenses prior to experiencing the stress. This phenomenon has been termed "priming". This project explores the molecular patterns of response indicative of priming using both field observations and controlled environment experiments. Since ecological theory predicts that there should be a cost to priming, measurements of the effects of priming on plant growth, reproduction and rates of herbivory will be used to determine both the costs and benefits of priming. Finally, the progeny of primed and non-primed plants will be examined to determine if the offspring of primed plants are better defended than offspring from non-primed plants. This project will continue the "Million Leaf Project", which is a science workshop developed by the lead investigator to introduce citizens and grade school students to plant-insect interactions by teaching an experiential approach to both measure and analyze the damage experienced by plants and their leaves. Participants collect their own data to explore how much pressure insect consumers put on plants, and therefore how plant chemical defenses and sensory perception might have evolved. The results of this research may also be applied to inducing greater resistance to herbivory in agricultural crops, thereby reducing losses to pests.The principle objective of this study is to test fitness costs and molecular patterns associated with defense priming under controlled and field conditions in two phylogenetically disparate Rosids: Arabidopsis thaliana and Phaseolus lunatus. Overwhelming evidence exists that plants respond to certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) from their neighbors or distal parts of themselves by "priming" (i.e., preparing) their defenses. However, the volatile-associated molecular patterns (VAMPs) indicative of priming are not well known. Moreover, ecological theory predicts that induced processes should incur fitness costs, but there is currently limited evidence to support this prediction with respect to HIPV-mediated priming. The project will test the hypothesis that plants responding to HIPVs will incur measurable fitness costs that will be less severe than costs of induced resistance, and that HIPV-primed plants will produce offspring with altered physiology indicative of priming (i.e., they will be "Primed to be Primed"). This project will address a key gap in our understanding of defense priming. The project includes post-doctoral, graduate and undergraduate training. Undergraduates will be required from a diverse population of historically underrepresented groups at the University of Louisville. Citizen science outreach is included through the "Million Leaf Project" where participants learn to quantify herbivore damage to leaves and develop their own hypotheses related to the ecology and evolution of plant-herbivore interactions.

植物可以在其环境中检测出空气中的化学物质，这些化学物质表明即将发生压力，并在体验压力之前准备防御。这种现象被称为“启动”。该项目探讨了使用现场观测和受控环境实验的启动的响应的分子模式。由于生态学理论预测，启动的成本应该有成本，因此将使用启动对植物生长，繁殖和草食速率的影响的测量来确定启动的成本和收益。最后，将检查底漆和非植物植物的后代，以确定与非植物植物的后代更好地捍卫了底漆的后代。该项目将继续进行“百万叶项目”，该项目是由首席研究人员开发的科学研讨会，旨在通过教授一种体验方法来衡量和分析植物及其叶子所经历的损害，从而介绍公民和小学生与植物体内的相互作用。参与者收集自己的数据，以探索消费者在植物上施加的压力，因此植物的化学防御和感觉知觉可能如何发展。这项研究的结果还可以应用于在农作物中诱导对食草动物的更大耐药性，从而减少了损失的损失。该研究的原则目的是测试与防御性启动有关的健身成本和分子模式。 有大量证据表明，植物对某些挥发性有机化合物（VOC）有反应，例如草食动物引起的植物挥发物（HIPV）从其邻居或自身的远端部分作出反应（即准备防御）。然而，指示启动的挥发性相关分子模式（VAMP）尚不清楚。此外，生态理论预测，诱导的过程应产生适应性成本，但目前有限的证据支持有关HIPV介导的启动的这一预测。该项目将检验以下假设：对HIPV响应的植物将产生可测量的健身成本，而适应性成本将比诱导的抗药性成本不那么严重，并且HIPV培养的植物将产生以启动启动的生理学变化的后代（即，它们将被启动为启动启动”）。该项目将解决我们对防御启动的理解的关键差距。该项目包括博士后，研究生和本科培训。路易斯维尔大学历史上代表性不足的团体人数将需要多样化的本科生。 公民科学宣传是通过“百万叶项目”包括在内的，参与者学会量化对叶子的草食动物损害，并发展自己的假设与植物 - 小动物相互作用的生态和进化有关。

项目成果

Data for "Effects of Azteca trigona alarm pheromones on heterospecific ant behavior"

“Azteca trigona 警报信息素对异种蚂蚁行为的影响”的数据

• DOI: 10.25422/azu.data.13963886
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: University of Arizona Research Data Repository
• 作者: Frost, Christopher;Yanoviak, Stephen;Wells, Rachel
• 通讯作者: Wells, Rachel

Effects of Azteca trigona alarm pheromones on heterospecific ant behavior

Azteca trigona警报信息素对异种蚂蚁行为的影响

• DOI: 10.1007/s00040-021-00836-2
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Insectes Sociaux
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Wells, R. L.;Frost, C. J.;Yanoviak, S. P.
• 通讯作者: Yanoviak, S. P.

Interspecific Eavesdropping on Ant Chemical Communication

• DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00024
• 发表时间: 2020-03-13
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Adams, Rachelle M. M.;Wells, Rachel L.;Fox, Eduardo G. P.
• 通讯作者: Fox, Eduardo G. P.

Priming Seeds with Indole and (Z)-3-Hexenyl Acetate Enhances Resistance Against Herbivores and Stimulates Growth

• DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01359-1
• 发表时间: 2022-04-08
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Maurya, Abhinav K.;Pazouki, Leila;Frost, Christopher J.
• 通讯作者: Frost, Christopher J.

Dispensing a Synthetic Green Leaf Volatile to Two Plant Species in a Common Garden Differentially Alters Physiological Responses and Herbivory

• DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11050958
• 发表时间: 2021-05-01
• 期刊: AGRONOMY-BASEL
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Freundlich, Grace E.;Shields, Maria;Frost, Christopher J.
• 通讯作者: Frost, Christopher J.