Collaborative Research: From Turbulence to Weather and Climate: Unraveling the Multi-scale Nature of Dust and Sand Transport in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

合作研究：从湍流到天气和气候：揭示大气边界层中沙尘输送的多尺度性质

基本信息

批准号：
1647173
负责人：
Marcelo Chamecki
金额：
$ 15.6万
依托单位：
University of California-Los Angeles
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-06-14 至 2018-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1647173&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Turbulence Weather Climate

项目摘要

The focus of this research project is on the lifting of sand by the wind, known as saltation, and how it is portrayed by weather and climate models. Wind-blown sand has direct impacts, such as forming dunes, but also secondary impacts when the sand particles impact and eject much finer dust particles. These particles are known as mineral dust aerosols and are one of the major contributors to global particulate matter, which affects human health, weather, climate, ecosystems, atmospheric chemistry, and the hydrological cycle. Current numerical models treat saltation as a uniform process, when studies have shown that saltation is actually driven by turbulent winds close to the surface and is highly intermittent. The researchers plan to improve the representation of the saltation process through a combination of theory, field campaigns, fine-scale modeling (Large-Eddy Simulation) and global-scale (Earth System) modeling. The work will involve four main tasks: 1) Linking the intermittency and intensity of sand transport to atmospheric turbulence, 2) linking atmospheric turbulence to the overall atmospheric boundary layer properties from weather and climate models, 3) developing an improved dust emission parameterization that accounts for turbulence-drive intermittency, and 4) testing the hypothesis that intermittency plays an important role in the timing and magnitude of dust events.The broader impacts of the project will include societal and education & outreach components. A successful completion of the project will result in an improvement to the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and other weather and climate models which should result in more accurate forecasts of weather and regional climate changes in dusty regions such as the southwestern US and North Africa. Two graduate students will be trained during the project, and the students along with the lead researchers and a professional educator will collaboratively develop an educational module, based on wind erosion and turbulence, that addresses a range of national and state standards in the physical sciences. The modules will be disseminated via a workshop for high school teachers and through a website that collects physics-based lesson plans. The researchers and graduate students will also interact with high school students through guest lectures and participation in the Adopt-a-Physicist program.

该研究项目的重点是通过风（称为盐分）抬起沙子，以及天气和气候模型如何描绘它。风吹砂具有直接影响，例如形成沙丘，但当砂颗粒撞击并弹出更细的灰尘颗粒时，也会产生次要影响。这些颗粒称为矿物粉尘气溶胶，是全球颗粒物的主要因素之一，它影响了人类健康，天气，气候，生态系统，大气化学和水文循环。当研究表明盐实际上是由靠近表面的湍流驱动的，并且高度间歇性时，当前的数值模型将盐化视为均匀的过程。研究人员计划通过理论，现场运动，精细尺度建模（大型模拟）和全球规模（地球系统）建模的结合来改善盐酸过程的表示。这项工作将涉及四个主要任务：1）将沙子运输的间歇性和强度联系起来与大气湍流联系，2）将大气湍流与天气和气候模型的整体大气湍流与整体大气边界层的特性联系起来，3）开发了改进的尘埃发射参数化，以说明脉冲驱动力 - 湍流间歇性的范围，并在范围内进行脉冲范围的范围，以实现范围的范围。该项目将包括社会和教育与外展组成部分。该项目的成功完成将改善社区地球系统模型（CESM）以及其他天气和气候模型，这应该导致对天气和尘土飞扬地区（例如美国西南部）（例如美国和北非）的天气和地区气候变化的预测。在项目期间，将对两名研究生进行培训，并且学生与首席研究人员和专业教育者一起将根据风侵蚀和湍流开发一个教育模块，以解决物理科学中的一系列国家和州标准。这些模块将通过高中教师的研讨会以及通过收集基于物理学的课程计划的网站来传播。研究人员和研究生还将通过嘉宾讲座和参与收养物理学计划与高中生互动。