RAPID: Observations of carbon, water, and vegetation dynamics during and after the 2015/2016 El Nino drought to test models of climate-change induced Amazon forest 'dieback'

RAPID：对 2015/2016 年厄尔尼诺干旱期间和之后的碳、水和植被动态进行观测，以测试气候变化引起的亚马逊森林“枯死”模型

• 批准号: 1622721
• 负责人: Scott Saleska
• 金额: $ 10.62万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-05-01 至 2017-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1622721&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Observations; carbon; water; vegetation

Scientists are concerned that the great forests of the Amazon basin may be vulnerable to climate change. In the worst case, according to the predictions of some numerical models, climate change could cause large reductions in rainfall that could cause the collapse of Amazon forests. Critically needed to allow us to understand whether these models are realistic are observations of forest responses to real-world drought. This RAPID project will measure the amount of carbon dioxide from the air above the forest that is captured by the forest, along with measurements of tree growth and death during and after the unusually strong El Nino event that is now causing drought, high temperatures, and fires across the eastern region of the Amazon along the equator. The project will be carried out in collaboration with many Brazilian scientists and students who are also working at this location. Net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide, latent heat and sensible head will be made from the km67 eddy flux tower in the Tapajós forest near the city of Santarém, Brazil. This site has the longest combined eddy flux and forest tree dynamics record in an Amazon forest (starting in 2001). It is an ideal location for this work because it is in one of the most El Nino-sensitive areas of the South American Amazon. Results will provide much needed information about the ecological mechanisms that underlie the forest collapse models that have received so much recent attention.

科学家担心，亚马逊流域的大森林可能容易受到气候变化的影响，根据一些数值模型的预测，在最坏的情况下，气候变化可能会导致降雨量大幅减少，从而导致亚马逊森林的崩溃。为了让我们了解这些模型是否真实，需要观察森林对现实世界干旱的反应，这个 RAPID 项目将测量森林捕获的森林上方空气中的二氧化碳量，以及对树木的测量。异常强壮期间和之后的生长和死亡厄尔尼诺现象正在造成亚马逊东部赤道地区的干旱、高温和火灾。该项目将与也在该地点工作的许多巴西科学家和学生合作进行。二氧化碳、潜热和感热水头将由巴西圣塔伦市附近塔帕若斯森林中的 km67 涡流塔进行测量。该地点拥有亚马逊森林中最​​长的涡流和森林树木动态记录（始于 2017 年）。 2001），这是这项工作的理想地点，因为它位于南美亚马逊地区对厄尔尼诺现象最敏感的地区之一，结果将提供有关森林崩溃模型背后的生态机制的急需信息。最近备受关注。

项目成果

Hydraulic traits explain differential responses of Amazonian forests to the 2015 El Nino‐induced drought

水力特征解释了亚马逊森林对 2015 年厄尔尼诺现象引起的干旱的不同反应

• DOI: 10.1111/nph.15909
• 发表时间: 2019-05
• 期刊: New Phytologist
• 影响因子: 9.4
• 作者: Barros, Fernanda V.;Bittencourt, Paulo R.;Brum, Mauro;Restrepo‐Coupe, Natalia;Pereira, Luciano;Teodoro, Grazielle S.;Saleska, Scott R.;Borma, Laura S.;Christoffersen, Bradley O.;Penha, Deliane;et al
• 通讯作者: et al