RAPID: The fate of methane during the Southern California Gas leak: Characterization of microbial consumption in soil, atmospheric transport, and ecosystem-level impacts.

RAPID：南加州天然气泄漏期间甲烷的命运：土壤中微生物消耗、大气传输和生态系统影响的特征。

• 批准号: 1632329
• 负责人: Victoria Orphan
• 金额: $ 18.59万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-05-15 至 2018-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1632329&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; fate; methane; during; Southern

NSF RAPID funding is provided to study the microbial consumption of methane in soil during and following the 2015-2016 Southern California Natural Gas Leak. The gas leak was the largest such event in US history. Methane is flammable gas. Increasing concentrations of methane in the atmosphere can have a potent "greenhouse" effect. This NSF RAPID award will support the characterization, identity and activity of methane-consuming microorganisms in the soil in response to the gas leak, to better understand ecosystem-level impacts of the disaster. Atmospheric measurements of leaking methane will be compared to measurements of soil microorganisms near the site of the gas leak, as well as tracing the flow of methane-derived carbon through the soil ecosystem over time. The data collected in this time course study will assist with future modeling of the contribution of soil-associated microorganisms to global methane cycling. Understanding the fate of methane released from this extreme event has benefits to both the scientific research community and to public safety.Soil carbon derived from methane is hypothesized to measurably increase as a result of the gas leak. The known microorganisms that consume methane for energy and carbon occur within distinct phylogenetic lineages, and the soil microbial community (as well as overall carbon flow) is expected to measurably shift as a result of this leak. Specific components of the research to measure such changes include: (1) Detailed monitoring of methane and ethane emissions including air and soil concentrations, during and following the leak. Methods employed to monitor methane levels will include surface instrumentation, spectrometry measurements from air in collaboration with the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology faculty, satellite observations, and field measurements. (2) Regular and frequent targeted sampling of soils during and following the period of active natural gas emission. (3) Identification and characterization of the soil microbial response to methane enrichment. (4) Assessment of changes in the soil microbial community and microeukaryotes associated with input of methane-derived carbon. Laboratory methods for these latter components include microbial community profiling with high throughput sequencing, RNA-based activity assays; DNA-based stable isotope probing with 13CH4 to trace methane derived carbon into the local microbial community, and rate measurements of methane metabolism in laboratory-based chamber incubations of collected soils. Sites surrounding the leak event and background areas will be sampled over a regular time course to track population dynamics during and following the gas leak. Results will be shared among collaborating scientists and rapidly disseminated through scheduled public talks, conference proceedings, and publications. In addition to the research goals, the project will include training opportunities for an undergraduate and a graduate student.

提供NSF快速资金来研究2015 - 2016年南加州天然气泄漏期间和之后的土壤中甲烷的微生物消耗。气体泄漏是美国历史上最大的此类事件。 甲烷是易燃气体。 大气中甲烷浓度的增加可能会产生有效的“温室”效果。 NSF快速奖将支持响应气体泄漏的土壤中甲烷消费微生物的特征，身份和活动，以更好地了解灾难的生态系统级别的影响。将泄漏甲烷的大气测量值与气体泄漏部位附近的土壤微生物的测量进行比较，并随着时间的流逝，通过土壤生态系统来追踪甲烷衍生的碳的流动。 在本课程研究中收集的数据将有助于对土壤相关微生物对全球甲烷循环的贡献的未来建模。理解从这一极端事件中释放的甲烷的命运对科学研究界和公共安全都有好处。假设从甲烷衍生出的碳碳是由于煤气泄漏而可测量的。消耗甲烷的能量和碳的已知微生物发生在不同的系统发育谱系中，由于这种泄漏，土壤微生物群落（以及整体碳流）预计将可衡量。 衡量此类变化的研究的特定组成部分包括：（1）泄漏期间和之后对甲烷和乙烷排放的详细监测，包括空气和土壤浓度。用于监测甲烷水平的方法将包括与NASA喷气推进实验室和加利福尼亚技术学院合作的空气测量的表面仪器测量，卫星观测和现场测量。 （2）在活性天然气排放期间和之后，定期和频繁地对土壤进行靶向采样。 （3）鉴定和表征土壤微生物对甲烷富集的反应。 （4）评估与甲烷衍生的碳输入相关的土壤微生物群落和微核细胞的变化。这些后一种组件的实验室方法包括具有高吞吐量测序，基于RNA的活性测定的微生物社区分析；基于DNA的稳定同位素探测13CH4以将甲烷衍生的碳追踪到局部微生物群落中，并在实验室基于实验室的室内孵育的收集土壤中的甲烷代谢的评分测量。泄漏事件和背景区域周围的地点将在常规时间课程中进行采样，以跟踪气体泄漏期间和之后的人口动态。结果将在合作的科学家中分享，并通过预定的公开会谈，会议诉讼和出版物迅速传播。除了研究目标外，该项目还将为本科生和研究生提供培训机会。