STTR Phase I: Synthesis of multifunctional nanofibrous polyaniline/carbon composites

STTR第一阶段：多功能纳米纤维聚苯胺/碳复合材料的合成

• 批准号: 0930699
• 负责人: Qiang (Bill) Wu
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: SOLARNO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-01 至 2011-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0930699&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: STTR; Phase; Synthesis; multifunctional; nanofibrous

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).This Small Business Technology Transfer Phase I project will develop novel multifunctional materials based on polyaniline (PAni) nanofibers (PANFs) and carbon nanofibers(CNFs) for energy storage. Although PAni composites have been reported for a wide range of applications, including sensors, biosensors, photoelectrochromic cells, etc., due to their excellent electrical, thermal and mechanical properties, none capitalize on the enhanced properties expected from the combination of PANF with CNF. PANFs have greater electronic conductivity than PAni nanospheres and nanorods and can be synthesized on a variety of substrates. Solarno will use a proprietary process for synthesizing composites of PANFs on CNFs. In Phase I Solarno will use these composites as electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors, an enabling technology that provides both high energy and power, with the specific technical objectives of: synthesizing and characterizing PANFs on CNF substrates, and achieving supercapacitor performance of 15 Wh/kg, 10 kW/kg and 10 cycles, thus far exceeding current lead acid batteries in terms of power and cycle life. In Phase II we will improve the energy density of these devices to enable potential replacement of such batteries, and explore other functions for the composites, such as sensors and electro-chemical devices. The PANF/CNF composites developed by Solarno will be introduced to the supercapacitor market via materials sales, and partnering/licensing arrangements, and later to related electrochemical functions/applications. Solarno is targeting requirements of the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) market for its initial supercapacitor designs, and as such, the ultimate customers will be major automobile manufacturers. The market requires that capacitors provide higher energy density, reduced size, higher reliability, and lower cost. Commercially available EDLCs commonly provide energy densities around 4 Wh/kg, and power densities between 15-21 kW/kg. The supercapacitor developed here can excel in this market by providing energy density 25 Wh/kg and better reliability (2.0 x 104 cycles); the Phase I work will optimize the properties of our PANF/CNF composite to meet this goal. The supercapacitors will also be well-suited for load-leveling for renewable energy sources; direct societal benefits will come from improving the viability of HEVs and renewable sources, tied to reductions in fossil fuel consumption, providing bridge power for wind and solar power farms, and partially replacing lead acid storage batteries. The results of this work in optimizing PAni composites for supercapacitors will translate well into improved functionality for other applications.

该奖项根据 2009 年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法 111-5）提供资金。该小型企业技术转让第一阶段项目将开发基于聚苯胺 (PAni) 纳米纤维 (PANF) 和碳纳米纤维 (CNF) 的新型多功能材料用于能量存储。尽管 PAni 复合材料已被报道具有广泛的应用，包括传感器、生物传感器、光电致变色电池等，但由于其优异的电学、热学和机械性能，但没有一种复合材料能够利用 PANF 与 CNF 组合所预期的增强性能。 PANF 比 PAni 纳米球和纳米棒具有更高的电子传导性，并且可以在各种基材上合成。 Solarno 将使用专有工艺在 CNF 上合成 PANF 复合材料。在第一阶段，Solarno 将使用这些复合材料作为非对称超级电容器的电极材料，这是一种提供高能量和功率的使能技术，具体技术目标是：在 CNF 基板上合成和表征 PANF，并实现 15 Wh/kg 的超级电容器性能，10kW/kg，10次循环，在功率和循环寿命方面远远超过目前的铅酸电池。在第二阶段，我们将提高这些设备的能量密度，以实现此类电池的潜在替代品，并探索复合材料的其他功能，例如传感器和电化学设备。 Solarno开发的PANF/CNF复合材料将通过材料销售、合作/许可安排引入超级电容器市场，随后引入相关电化学功能/应用。 Solarno 的初始超级电容器设计瞄准了混合动力电动汽车 (HEV) 市场的需求，因此，最终客户将是主要汽车制造商。市场要求电容器提供更高的能量密度、更小的尺寸、更高的可靠性和更低的成本。市售的 EDLC 通常提供 4 Wh/kg 左右的能量密度和 15-21 kW/kg 之间的功率密度。这里开发的超级电容器可以提供 25 Wh/kg 的能量密度和更好的可靠性（2.0 x 104 次循环），从而在该市场中脱颖而出；第一阶段的工作将优化我们的 PANF/CNF 复合材料的性能，以实现这一目标。超级电容器也非常适合可再生能源的负载均衡；直接的社会效益将来自于提高混合动力汽车和可再生能源的生存能力，减少化石燃料消耗，为风能和太阳能发电厂提供桥梁电力，以及部分取代铅酸蓄电池。这项优化超级电容器聚苯胺复合材料的工作成果将很好地转化为其他应用的改进功能。