Doctoral Dissertation Research: The role of tongue position in voicing contrasts in cross-linguistic contexts

博士论文研究：跨语言环境中舌位在发声对比中的作用

• 批准号: 1627494
• 负责人: Lisa Davidson
• 金额: $ 1.19万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-15 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1627494&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; role; tongue

There are many factors that cause speakers of multiple languages to be in contact in the United States. Many Americans are natively bilingual or multilingual speakers and many others study various languages as a second language. Also, speakers of different languages from other countries learn English when they come to the US. An important component of learning and using multiple languages is establishing the sound categories that are appropriate to each of the languages. Many languages use similar sounds, but how they are actually pronounced varies from language to language. This research will contribute to our understanding of how speakers of different languages facilitate their language's sound contrasts through dynamic tongue movement. By understanding the difference in tongue dynamics across languages, second language learners, instructors, and speech therapists can have a more detailed understanding of the phonetic differences between one's native language and target language, even when the two seem phonologically similar.This research focuses on how similar sounds across languages are articulated differently. For example, the consonant at the beginning of the word 'dog' in English ('d'), is similar to 'd' in Portuguese (e.g. 'dados'), but differences in the production of 'd' emerge when the two languages are examined closely. Portuguese 'd' is phonated, which means the vocal folds are vibrating while the tongue is constricted in the mouth to produce this sound, whereas English 'd' is often not phonated during tongue constriction. While the vibration of the vocal folds can be inferred through acoustic analysis, this current research asks what articulatory adjustments may be used in order to produce the acoustic differences that distinguish the production of similar sounds across languages. Articulations in the mouth can be observed using ultrasound imaging, revealing how the tongue moves to adjust the shape of the mouth. For example, we can see how the tongue position of English 'd' is different from that of Portuguese 'd', which may help us understand how phonation is achieved within this dynamic system. This study first focuses on how the phonetic target of voiced stops (such as the 'd' of English or Portuguese) in different languages compares acoustically and articulatorily, and second, how tongue position reflects different systems of voicing contrast by comparing six different languages: English, German, (Brazilian) Portuguese, Korean, Hindi, and Thai. The articulatory, acoustic and theoretical methods used to address this issue can be extended beyond the six languages covered in this study. The collective results in different languages can be applied to second language learning, with a more detailed account of consonant articulation across languages.

在美国，有许多因素会导致多种语言的发言人接触。许多美国人是本性的双语或多语言扬声器，许多其他人将各种语言都是第二语言。同样，来自其他国家 /地区的不同语言的演讲者来到美国时会学习英语。学习和使用多种语言的重要组成部分是建立适合每种语言的声音类别。许多语言都使用类似的声音，但是它们的发音方式实际上因语言而异。这项研究将有助于我们理解不同语言的说话者如何通过动态的舌头运动来促进其语言的声音对比。通过了解语言跨语言的舌头动力学差异，第二语言学习者，讲师和语音治疗师可以更详细地了解一个人的母语和目标语言之间的语音差异，即使两者在语音上看起来相似。例如，英语中“狗”一词开头的辅音（'d'）类似于葡萄牙语中的“ d”（例如“ dados”），但是当两种语言经过仔细检查时，出现了“ D”的产生差异。葡萄牙语“ d”是发声的，这意味着声带是振动的，而舌头则在嘴里收缩以产生这种声音，而在舌头收缩期间，英语“ d”通常不会发声。尽管可以通过声学分析来推断人声褶皱的振动，但目前的研究询问可以使用哪些发音调整来产生与语言跨语言相似声音产生的声学差异。可以使用超声成像观察到口腔中的关节，从而揭示了舌头如何移动以调节口腔的形状。例如，我们可以看到英语“ D”的舌头位置与葡萄牙语“ D”的舌头位置有何不同，这可能有助于我们了解在这个动态系统中如何实现发声。这项研究首先着重于不同语言的语音目标（例如英语或葡萄牙语的“ d”）如何在声学上和表达上进行比较，其次，舌头位置如何通过比较六种不同的语言来反映不同语言的对比度：英语，德语，德语，（巴西）葡萄牙语，葡萄牙语，韩国，泰国，泰国和泰国。用于解决此问题的发音，声学和理论方法可以扩展到本研究中涵盖的六种语言。以不同语言的集体结果可以应用于第二语言学习，并更详细地说明了跨语言的辅音。