Collaborative Research: DarkSide-20k

合作研究：DarkSide-20k

• 批准号: 1622337
• 负责人: Hanguo Wang
• 金额: $ 46万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2022-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1622337&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; DarkSide; 20k

Multiple astronomical observations have established that about 85% of the matter in the universe is not made of normal atoms, but must be otherwise undetected elementary "dark matter" particles that do not emit or absorb light. Deciphering the nature of this so-called Dark Matter is of fundamental importance to cosmology, astrophysics, and high-energy particle physics. A leading hypothesis is that it is comprised of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, or WIMPs, that were produced moments after the Big Bang. If WIMPs are the dark matter, then their presence in our galaxy may be detectable via scattering from atomic nuclei in detectors located deep underground to help reject backgrounds due to cosmic rays. Direct detection of WIMP dark matter would solve a fundamental mystery in particle physics and cosmology, providing a unique window to learning about the primary matter constituent of the Universe and of physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. This award is to support the NSF-funded DarkSide (DS) groups for the construction of DarkSide-20k (DS-20k), a direct WIMP search using a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) with an active (fiducial) mass of 23 tons (20 tons).DarkSide collaborators have proposed a technology for separation of He-3 at large He-4 production plants that could alleviate future shortages of the rare helium isotope. The Urania project will establish a long-term facility that will be able to produce hundreds of tons of low-radioactivity underground argon (UAr), and will supply UAr for several programs beyond DarkSide-20k, such as for radiometry, Ar-39 age dating of ground water, and National Security treaty verification. The DarkSide program will advance technologies for detection of Ar-37, used for nuclear test ban verification, and Ar-39, used for radiometric dating. The Aria project will further reduce the Ar-39 in UAr by isotope separation, yielding as by-product the ability to separate important stable isotopes such as O-18, N-15, and C-13. These are used to produce radionuclides for medical positron emission tomography (PET). Technologies for advanced gas purification, precision cleaning, production of ultra-pure titanium, and reduction of radioactivity in silicon chips will also be developed.The significant improvement in sensitivity is made possible by technology developed within several world-wide programs toward WIMP recoil detection with liquid argon as the target, and in particular within the DarkSide-10 and DarkSide-50 programs, including operation of the DarkSide-50 LAr TPC with both atmospheric argon (AAr) and underground argon (UAr) fills. Liquid argon is an excellent medium for WIMP detection due to its efficient conversion of energy from nuclear recoils into both ionization and scintillation. The argon scintillation time profile ('pulse shape') depends on the nature of the ionizing particle, providing powerful particle discrimination to suppress background from natural radioactivity. Using AAr in DarkSide-50, it was demonstrated that pulse shape analysis suppresses beta/gamma backgrounds by a factor in excess of 1.5 x 10^7, one of the most powerful background rejection factors among all dark matter detectors.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

多次天文观察结果表明，宇宙中约有85％的物质不是正常原子制成的，但必须是未发现的基本“暗物质”颗粒，这些颗粒不会发出或吸收光。破译这种所谓的暗物质的性质对于宇宙学，天体物理学和高能粒子物理学至关重要。一个主要的假设是，它由弱相互作用的巨大颗粒或wimps组成，这些颗粒或wimps是在大爆炸后瞬间产生的。如果wimps是暗物质，那么它们在我们的星系中的存在可能可以通过从原子核中散射到地下深地下的探测器中来检测到，以帮助拒绝由于宇宙射线而引起的背景。直接检测WIMP暗物质将解决粒子物理和宇宙学上的基本神秘，为学习宇宙的主要物质和物理学的主要物理成分提供了独特的窗口，而不是粒子物理学的标准模型。该奖项是为了支持NSF资助的黑暗方面（DS）组以建造Darkside-20k（DS-20K），这是一种使用液体氩气预测室（LAR TPC）的直接wimp搜索，具有23吨的活跃（基准）质量为23吨（20吨）。Darkside。 Urania项目将建立一个长期的设施，能够生产数百吨低放射性地下氩气（UAR），并为Darkside-20k以外的几个计划提供UAR，例如放射线测定，AR-39 AR-39年龄的地下水和国家安全条约验证。 Darkside计划将推进用于检测AR-37的技术，用于核试验禁令验证，以及用于辐射测定的AR-39。 ARIA项目将通过同位素分离进一步降低UAR中的AR-39，从而使副产物能够分离重要的稳定同位素，例如O-18，N-15和C-13。这些用于生产用于医学正电子发射断层扫描（PET）的放射性核素。还将开发用于高级气体净化，精确清洁，超紫地钛的产生以及硅芯片放射性的降低的技术。还将开发敏感性的显着提高，这是通过在世界范围内通过液体质量氩作为目标的几个世界范围内反冲检测而开发的技术的显着提高，尤其是在黑暗中和黑暗的氛围中，尤其是黑暗的氛围，尤其是黑暗的氛围，该计划是一方面的50次毛茸茸的行动。氩（UAR）填充。由于液体氩是WIMP检测的绝佳培养基，因为它有效地将能量从核后坐力转化为电离和闪烁。氩气闪烁时间曲线（“脉冲形状”）取决于电离粒子的性质，从而提供了强大的粒子歧视以抑制自然放射性的背景。在Darkside-50中使用AAR，证明脉冲形状分析以超过1.5 x 10^7的因素抑制了β/伽马背景，这是所有暗物质检测器中最强大的背景排斥因素之一。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识优点和广泛的影响来评估NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

SiPM-matrix readout of two-phase argon detectors using electroluminescence in the visible and near infrared range

• DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08801-2
• 发表时间: 2020-04
• 期刊: The European Physical Journal C
• 作者: T. M. C. C. Aalseth-T.-M.-C.-C.-Aalseth-1490633423;S. Abdelhakim;P. Agnes;R. Ajaj;I. Albuquerque;T. Alexander;A. Alici;A. Alton;P. Amaudruz;F. Ameli;J. Anstey;P. Antonioli;M. Arba;S. Arcelli;R. Ardito;I. Arnquist;P. Arpaia;D. Asner;A. Asunskis;M. Ave;H. Back;V. Barbaryan;A. B. Olmedo;G. Batignani;M. G. Bisogni;V. Bocci;A. Bondar;G. Bonfini;W. Bonivento;E. Borisova;B. Bottino;M. Boulay;R. Bunker;S. Bussino;A. Buzulutskov;M. Cadeddu;M. Cadoni;A. Caminata;N. Canci;A. Candela;C. Cantini;M. Caravati;M. Cariello;F. Carnesecchi;A. Castellani;P. Castello;P. Cavalcante;D. Cavazza;S. Cavuoti;S. Cebrián;J. M. C. Ruiz;B. Celano;R. Cereseto;S. Chashin;Wei Cheng;A. Chepurnov;C. Cicalò;L. Cifarelli;M. Citterio;F. Coccetti;V. Cocco;M. Colocci;E. Vidal;L. Consiglio;F. Cossio;G. Covone;P. Crivelli;I. D'Antone;M. D’Incecco;M. Rolo;O. Dadoun;M. Daniel;S. Davini;S. Cecco;M. Deo;A. Falco;D. Gruttola;G. D. Guido;G. Rosa;G. Dellacasa;P. Demontis;S. Pasquale;A. Derbin;A. Devoto;F. D. Eusanio;L. Noto;G. D. Pietro;P. D. Stefano;C. Dionisi;G. Dolganov;F. Dordei;M. Downing;F. Edalatfar;A. Empl;M. Diaz;C. Filip;G. Fiorillo;K. Fomenko;A. Franceschi;D. Franco;E. Frolov;G. Froudakis;N. Funicello;F. Gabriele;A. Gabrieli;C. Galbiati;M. Garbini;P. G. Abia;D. G. Fora;A. Gendotti;C. Ghiano;A. Ghisi;P. Giampa;R. A. Giampaolo;C. Giganti;M. Giorgi;G. Giovanetti;M. Gligan;O. Gorchakov;M. Grab;R. Diaz;M. Grassi;J. Grate;A. Grobov;M. Gromov;M. Guan;M. Guerra;M. Guerzoni;M. Gulino;R. Haaland;B. Hackett;A. Hallin;M. Harańczyk;B. Harrop;E. Hoppe;S. Horikawa;B. Hosseini;F. Hubaut;P. Humble;E. Hungerford;A. Ianni;A. Ilyasov;V. Ippolito;C. Jillings;K. Keeter;C. Kendziora;I. Kochanek;K. Kondo;G. Kopp;D. Korablev;G. Korga;A. Kubankin;R. Kugathasan;M. Kuss;M. Commara;L. Delfa;M. Lai;M. Lebois;B. Lehnert;N. Levashko;X. Li;Q. Liqiang;M. Lissia;G. Lodi;G. Longo;R. Lussana;L. Luzzi;A. Machado;I. Machulin;A. Mandarano;S. Manecki;L. Mapelli;A. Margotti;S. Mari;M. Mariani;J. Maricic;M. Marinelli;D. Marras;M. Mart'inez;A. Rojas;M. Mascia;J. Mason;A. Masoni;A. McDonald;A. Messina;T. Miletić;R. Milincic;A. Moggi;S. Moioli;J. Monroe;M. Morrocchi;T. Mroz;W. Mu;V. Muratova;S. Murphy;C. Muscas;P. Musico;R. Nania;T. Napolitano;A. N. Agasson;M. Nessi;I. Nikulin;V. Nosov;J. Nowak;A. Oleinik;V. Oleynikov;M. Orsini;F. Ortica;L. Pagani;M. Pallavicini;S. Palmas;L. Pandola;E. Pantic;E. Paoloni;F. Pazzona;S. Peeters;P. Pegoraro;K. Pelczar;L. Pellegrini;C. Pellegrino;N. Pelliccia;F. Perotti;V. Pesudo;E. Picciau;F. Pietropaolo;A. Pocar;T. Pollmann;D. Portaluppi;S. Poudel;P. Pralavorio;D. Price;B. Radics;F. Raffaelli;F. Ragusa;M. Razeti;C. Regenfus;A. Renshaw;S. Rescia;M. Rescigno;F. Retière;L. Rignanese;C. Ripoli;A. Rivetti;J. Rode;A. Romani;L. Romero;N. Rossi;A. Rubbia;P. Sala;P. Salatino;O. Samoylov;E. Garc'ia;E. Sandford;S. Sanfilippo;M. Sant;D. Santone;R. Santorelli;C. Savarese;E. Scapparone;B. Schlitzer;G. Scioli;E. Segreto;A. Seifert;D. Semenov;A. Shchagin;A. Sheshukov;S. Siddhanta;M. Simeone;P. Singh;P. Skensved;M. Skorokhvatov;O. Smirnov;G. Sobrero;A. Sokolov;A. Sotnikov;R. Stainforth;A. Steri;S. Stracka;V. Strickland;G. B. Suffritti;S. Sulis;Y. Suvorov;A. Szelc;R. Tartaglia;G. Testera;T. Thorpe;A. Tonazzo;A. Tosi;M. Tuveri;E. Unzhakov;G. Usai;A. Vacca;E. V'azquez-J'auregui;T. Viant;S. Viel;F. Villa;A. Vishneva;R. Vogelaar;J. Wahl;J. Walding;H. Wang;Y. Wang;S. Westerdale;R. Wheadon;R. Williams;J. Wilson;M. Wójcik;M. Wójcik;S. Wu;X. Xiao;C. Yang;Z. Ye;M. Zuffa;G. Zuzel

Sensitivity of future liquid argon dark matter search experiments to core-collapse supernova neutrinos

• DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2021/03/043
• 发表时间: 2021-03-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: Agnes, P.;Albergo, S.;Zykova, M. P.
• 通讯作者: Zykova, M. P.

Design and construction of a new detector to measure ultra-low radioactive-isotope contamination of argon

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/15/02/p02024
• 发表时间: 2020-02-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Aalseth, C. E.;Abdelhakim, S.;Zuzel, G.
• 通讯作者: Zuzel, G.

Separating $${^{39}\hbox {Ar}}$$ from $${^{40}\hbox {Ar}}$$ by cryogenic distillation with Aria for dark-matter searches

使用 Aria 通过低温蒸馏将 $${^{39}hbox {Ar}}$$ 与 $${^{40}hbox {Ar}}$$ 分离以进行暗物质搜索

• DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09121-9
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The European Physical Journal C
• 作者: Agnes, P.;Albergo, S.;Albuquerque, I. F. M.;Alexander, T.;Alici, A.;Alton, A. K.;Amaudruz, P.;Arba, M.;Arpaia, P.;Arcelli, S.
• 通讯作者: Arcelli, S.