Isaac Newton Institute Program on Melt in the Mantle

艾萨克·牛顿研究所地幔融化项目

• 批准号: 1619535
• 负责人: David Bercovici
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-02-15 至 2017-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1619535&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Isaac; Newton; Institute; Program; Melt

The Isaac Newton Institute (INI) program on Melt in the Mantle is a research and educational program running from February to June, 2016, at Cambridge University (UK). The program will focus around three workshops in February, April and June, which will cover (1) foundations in the physics, mathematical and numerical approaches of mantle and magma dynamics; (2) upscaling the physics, modeling and geophysical observations from the grain and pore scale to the the continuum scale of molten mantle; and (3) applications of the continuum physics and models to tectonic and planetary environments. This proposal seeks funds to assist early-career scientists based in the United States, including students and postdoctoral scholars, for travel to these workshops. Approximately 5 scientists will attend each workshop, for a total of 15. The INI program will provide these scientists an excellent opportunity to build international collaborations and learn about mantle melting from some of the leading Earth scientists and applied mathematicians in the world.Earth's mantle is almost entirely solid, but on geological timescales it convects vigorously, the well-known surface expression of this being plate tectonics. At depths up to 100 km beneath plate-tectonic boundaries (mid-ocean ridges and subduction zones), and beneath ocean islands such as Hawaii, the mantle melts, and that melt rises to the surface to feed volcanism and form new crust. Such magmatism plays a key role in the chemical evolution and dynamics of our planet. Understanding the formation and migration of melt in the mantle presents a formidable scientific and mathematical challenge. One key challenge is in bridging diverse length scales: melt lies along grain boundaries at micron scales, may focus into channels at meter scales, and migrates over 100 km. Sophisticated mathematical techniques, such as homogenization theory, are needed to map an understanding of physics at the smallest scales to plate-tectonic scales. Seismology offers a way to image melt in the mantle, but the development of new tools in inverse theory are required to extract that information. Models of melt transport are eventually cast as a series of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations, which require advanced numerical techniques to solve. The INI program will bring together a broad spectrum of mathematicians and solid Earth scientists to tackle these and other fundamental challenges of melt in the mantle. The support from this award will enable early-career US scientists to participate in this international endeavor.

地幔中融化的Isaac Newton Institute（INI）计划是一项研究和教育计划，于2016年2月至6月在英国剑桥大学（英国）举办。该计划将在2月，4月和6月关注三个研讨会，该研讨会将涵盖（1）个地幔和岩浆动力学的物理，数学和数值方法的基础； （2）将物理，建模和地球物理观测结果从谷物和毛孔尺度上调整为熔融地幔的连续尺度； （3）连续物理和模型应用于构造和行星环境。该提案寻求资金来协助美国的早期医生科学家，包括学生和博士后学者参加这些研讨会。大约有5位科学家将参加每个研讨会，共有15个。INI计划将为这些科学家提供建立国际合作和了解世界上一些领先地球科学家和世界上应用数学家的绝佳机会。几乎完全是固体的，但是在地质时尺度上，它剧烈对流，这是板块构造的众所周知的表面表达。在板岩边界（中山脊和俯冲带）的深度最高可达100公里处，在海洋岛上，例如夏威夷，地幔融化，并融化到地面以供应火山和形成新的外壳。这种岩浆作用在我们星球的化学演化和动力学中起着关键作用。了解地幔中熔体的形成和迁移提出了巨大的科学和数学挑战。一个关键的挑战是在桥接不同的长度尺度上：沿微米尺度沿晶界的熔体位置，可能会集中在仪表尺度下的通道，并迁移超过100 km。需要复杂的数学技术，例如同质化理论，以绘制对最小尺度的物理学的理解，以绘制板岩尺度。地震学提供了一种在地幔中形象融化的方法，但是需要在逆论中开发新工具才能提取该信息。熔体传输的模型最终被铸造为一系列耦合的非线性偏微分方程，这些方程需要高级数值技术来解决。 INI计划将汇集一大批数学家和固体地球科学家，以应对地幔中融化的这些和其他基本挑战。 该奖项的支持将使美国早期的美国科学家能够参加这项国际努力。