Molecular analysis of SCD complex function in Rab signaling in cell morphogenesis and function

细胞形态发生和功能中 Rab 信号传导中 SCD 复合物功能的分子分析

• 批准号: 1614915
• 负责人: Sebastian Bednarek
• 金额: $ 80万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1614915&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Molecular; analysis; SCD; complex; function

The objectives of this project are to better understand how plant cells divide and enlarge, which are key aspects of plant biology necessary for the growth and health of plants. The final step of cell division, known as cytokinesis, involves the splitting of a cell into two daughter cells and is followed by expansion of the new cells. However, many of the mechanisms involved in these processes are not well understood in either plants or animals. Specifically, this project will focus on how new membrane barriers and cell wall form between and around newly divided plant cells. The information gained has the potential to reveal new strategies for improving crop yield and quality on American farms necessary for increased food security and energy independence. In addition, young scientists at the high school, undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate level will receive advanced research training in the areas of biochemistry, genetics and microscopy. Graduate students and postdoctoral fellows will also gain teaching and mentoring skills by supervising high school and undergraduates including underrepresented students in the UW-Madison IBS Summer Research Program. Additionally, the project will generate research tools for both the plant and the general research communities including image analysis software for the quantitative tracking of biological molecules and non-biological materials. The long-term objective of this project is to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in intracellular membrane trafficking required for plant growth and development including: cytokinesis, cell wall biosynthesis, hormone signaling, nutrient uptake, and pathogen defense. SCD1 and SCD2 encode plant-specific clathrin-coated vesicle proteins necessary for cytokinesis, cell expansion and pathogen defense. Recent studies have demonstrated that SCD1 and SCD2 are subunits of a previously uncharacterized protein complex that interacts with Rab proteins, which are central regulators of vesicle trafficking. The focus of this project is to investigate the function of this newly identified SCD complex and its regulation of Rab/clathrin-dependent membrane trafficking in dividing and non-dividing cells. The specific aims of this project are to 1) Biochemically characterize the composition and activity of the SCD complex, 2) Define effectors and regulators of the SCD/Rab complex, and 3) Develop and apply quantitative imaging approaches to analyze and describe the function of the SCD complex and its cognate Rabs in intracellular membrane trafficking necessary for plant cell morphogenesis. These studies will generate fundamental knowledge into the function of plant-specific and evolutionarily conserved membrane-trafficking proteins in plants and other eukaryotic systems.

该项目的目标是更好地了解植物细胞如何分裂和扩大，这是植物生长和植物健康所必需的植物生物学的关键方面。细胞分裂的最后一步（称为细胞因子）涉及将细胞分解为两个子细胞，然后扩大新细胞。 但是，这些过程中涉及的许多机制在植物或动物中均未得到很好的了解。具体而言，该项目将重点介绍新分裂的植物细胞之间和周围的新膜屏障和细胞壁如何形成。获得的信息有可能揭示提高粮食安全和能源独立性所需的美国农场作物产量和质量的新策略。此外，高中，本科，研究生和研究生水平的年轻科学家将接受生物化学，遗传学和显微镜领域的高级研究培训。研究生和博士后研究员还将通过监督高中和本科生，包括UW-Madison IBS IBS IBS夏季研究计划中的代表性不足的学生，从而获得教学和指导技能。此外，该项目将为植物和一般研究社区生成研究工具，包括用于生物分子和非生物材料的定量跟踪的图像分析软件。该项目的长期目标是了解植物生长和发育所需的细胞内膜运输所涉及的分子机制，包括：细胞因子，细胞壁生物合成，激素信号传导，养分摄取和病原体防御。 SCD1和SCD2编码植物特异性网状蛋白包被的囊泡蛋白，需要细胞因子，细胞扩张和病原体防御。最近的研究表明，SCD1和SCD2是与Rab蛋白相互作用的先前未表征的蛋白质复合物的亚基，后者是囊泡运输的中心调节剂。该项目的重点是研究这种新鉴定的SCD复合物的功能，并调节Rab/clathrin依赖性膜运输在分裂和非分散细胞中的调节。该项目的具体目的是1）生物化学表征SCD复合物的组成和活性，2）定义SCD/RAB复合物的效应子和调节剂，以及3）开发和应用定量成像方法来分析和描述SCD复合物的功能及其在植物细胞内植物细胞中所必需的细胞内膜量中的cognate RAB的功能。这些研究将产生基本知识，以了解植物特异性和进化保守的膜在植物和其他真核系统中造成的蛋白质的功能。