Collaborative Research: Few-Body Interactions in Ultracold Quantum Gases

合作研究：超冷量子气体中的少体相互作用

• 批准号: 1607204
• 负责人: Jose D'Incao
• 金额: $ 9万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1607204&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Few; Body; Interactions

The understanding of how systems containing many particles, so-called many-body systems, behave is a fundamental question driving modern research with impacts across multiple fields of science and technology. Dilute, ultra-cold atomic vapors provide a unique arena for the study of collective, many-body phenomena, and for exploring the relationship between few-body dynamics on the one-hand and the behavior of many-body systems on the other. This project aims at the development of improved theoretical understanding of a number of key aspects of few-body systems that are deeply quantum mechanical in nature and which occur within ultra-cold quantum gases. The work could potentially have unprecedented impact with far-reaching scientific and technological ramifications. For example, the ability to regulate few-body interactions within a complex system could significantly impact the possibilities for quantum control of chemical reaction dynamics. Furthermore, a deep understanding of the ultra-cold atom interactions can spawn applications to atomic clocks, quantum information science, and the exploration of many novel phases of matter. A key element of the project is the design of computational methods and techniques of analysis capable of describing ultra-cold few-body interactions far more realistically than any other existing methodologies. For example, the project will explore whether a laser field can change the interactions among three or four nearby atoms that are part of a many-body Bose-Einstein condensate. The central idea is that whenever a few atoms within the large ensemble temporarily collide, they can absorb or emit radiation as a unit. This resonant radiation has distinct frequencies which can be detected spectroscopically or tuned to alter the few-body dynamics. In accord with its general objective, the project has two specific goals; to develop coherent control of few-body interactions, and to explore new fundamental phenomena in the exotic interaction regime produced by artificial gauge fields. The project will also build on recent discoveries of few-body, Efimov resonances, in order to explore the relevance of Efimov physics to the control of many-body ultra-cold systems. The key educational impact of this work derives from the training of graduate and undergraduate students as well as postdoctoral researchers in state of the art theoretical and computational research techniques.

对包含许多颗粒（所谓的多体系统）的系统的理解是一个基本问题，促进了现代研究，并在科学和技术的多个领域影响了现代研究。 稀释，超冷原子蒸气为研究集体，多体现象的研究提供了独特的领域，并探索了单手几体动力学与另一方面多体系统的行为之间的关系。该项目旨在发展对少数体系的许多关键方面的理论理解，这些系统本质上是量子机械的，并且发生在超冷量子气体内。这项工作可能会产生前所未有的影响，并具有深远的科学和技术后果。例如，调节复杂系统中几种相互作用的能力可能会显着影响化学反应动力学量子控制的可能性。此外，对超冷原子相互作用的深刻理解可以将应用应用到原子时钟，量子信息科学以及对许多新型物质阶段的探索。该项目的一个关键要素是计算方法和分析技术的设计，能够比任何其他现有方法更现实地描述超冷的几岁相互作用。例如，该项目将探索激光场是否可以改变附近的三个或四个原子之间的相互作用，这些原子是多体玻璃体 - 内生体冷凝物的一部分。核心思想是，每当大合奏中的几个原子暂时相撞时，它们就可以吸收或发射辐射作为一个单位。该共振辐射具有不同的频率，可以通过光谱检测或调整以改变几个体型动力学。根据其一般目标，该项目有两个具体的目标。为了建立对几体相互作用的连贯控制，并探索人造仪表领域产生的外来相互作用方案中的新基本现象。该项目还将建立在最近的几个体型Efimov共振的基础上，以探讨Efimov物理学与控制多体超冷系统的相关性。这项工作的主要教育影响源于研究生和本科生的培训以及最先进的理论和计算研究技术的博士后研究人员。