Variability of wind effects on natural ventilation and pollutant transport in buildings

风对建筑物自然通风和污染物输送影响的变化

• 批准号: 1605091
• 负责人: Liang Chung Lo
• 金额: $ 30.39万
• 依托单位: Drexel University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1605091&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Variability; wind; effects; natural; ventilation

1605091 Lo, Liang Chung J.With expanding energy consciousness in the building sector, architects and engineers have been increasingly using natural ventilation as a means to reduce energy expenditures. While natural ventilation has been used for thousands of years in various culture worldwide, the current modern method of designing for natural ventilation is simplistic and assumes steady flow, thus misestimating actual natural ventilation rates and their associated energy and indoor air quality impacts. The key reason behind such difficulty is the inherent unsteadiness of the wind in both its direction and magnitude. Unlike mechanical ventilation, which is driven by fans with well-tuned control, the wind's effect on ventilation is wholly unpredictable given the current approach. Such lack of knowledge may result in unintended consequences in energy consumption, human comfort, and even the overall health and wellbeing of the occupants. To better understand the consequences on building airflow and occupants of wind variability, this research project will analyze quantitatively, for different building forms and locales, the impacts of wind-driven natural ventilation flow in terms of ventilation effectiveness, energy consequences, and indoor air quality.These goals of the research project will be accomplished by: 1) Researching the ideal formulation of a probabilistic transient wind effect framework that describes wind's variable impacts on buildings, as well as researching what minimum time scale that metric should operate on; 2) Simulating wind-building interactions in the nine National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) established climate zones in the contiguous United States for a selections of building types from Department of Energy's representative building stock in the U.S., using both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods and quasi-steady state approximations; 3) Investigating a broad spectrum of factors of the impact of the framework, such as ventilation effectiveness, energy impacts, and indoor air quality and occupant productivity and health. The research is anticipated to impact the building design process by allowing engineers to properly design for the wind harnessing potential, rather than considering natural ventilation solutions as an afterthought as in most existing building designs. This improvement would result in more energy efficient buildings, higher occupant productivity, and lower absenteeism rates.

1605091 Lo，Liang Chung J.以及扩大建筑领域的能源意识，建筑师和工程师越来越多地使用自然通风作为减少能源支出的一种手段。尽管自然通风已经在全球各种文化中使用了数千年，但当前的自然通风设计方法是简单的，并且假设流动稳定，从而误解了实际的自然通风速率及其相关的能量以及其室内空气质量的影响。这种困难背后的关键原因是风在其方向和大小上固有的不稳定。与机械通气不同的是，机械通气是由具有良好调整控制的风扇驱动的，鉴于当前的方法，风对通风的影响是完全无法预测的。缺乏知识可能会导致能源消耗，人类舒适，甚至居住者的整体健康和福祉的意外后果。为了更好地了解对风变化的影响的后果，该研究项目将对不同的建筑形式和地区进行数量分析，在通风效率，能量后果，室内空气质量方面，风向驱动的自然通风流的影响，这些目标是通过以下方面的启发来实现的。研究指标应运行的最低时间尺度； 2）模拟九个国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）中的风能建设相互作用在美国连续的美国建立了气候区，以使用美国能源部代表性建筑物的库存选择建筑物类型，并使用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法和Quasi Steaty Steaty Steaty State近似近似； 3）研究框架影响的广泛因素，例如通风效率，能源影响以及室内空气质量以及居住者的生产力和健康。预计这项研究将通过允许工程师正确设计为风能的潜力来影响建筑设计过程，而不是将自然通风解决方案视为大多数现有建筑物设计的事后想法。这种改进将导致更节能的建筑物，更高的乘员生产率和较低的缺勤率。