RAPID: Characterizing the Chemical and Physical Signature of the 2015-16 El Nino in the Quelccaya Ice Cap Snow and Ice to Calibrate Past ENSO Reconstructions

RAPID：描述 2015-16 厄尔尼诺现象在奎尔卡亚冰盖冰雪中的化学和物理特征，以校准过去的 ENSO 重建

• 批准号: 1603377
• 负责人: Lonnie Thompson
• 金额: $ 9.63万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-01 至 2017-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1603377&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Characterizing; Chemical; Physical; Signature

This award uses funds, under the auspices of the Rapid Response Research (RAPID) concept, to dig three new snow pits and collect two new ten-meter long cores from the Quelccaya ice cap (QIC) in southern Peru. Samples from these pits and cores will be physically and chemically analyzed to address the hypotheses that post-depositional features (e.g., melt features) and elevated concentrations of dry deposited trace species (e.g., black carbon, dust, ammonium) provide new and reliable markers of past El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events and also help facilitate the quantification of the event's intensity. These new markers will be also applied to other ice cores from the southern Andes that exist from extended tropical ice core archives collected over the last forty years.The chemical and physical fingerprints of past El Niño events are preserved in ice cores from Andean glaciers, particularly the QIC, and offer the potential to quantify past regional ENSO variability. Previous isotopic (delta 18-Oxygen) records from the QIC provided a long annually resolved history (1,800 years) of Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variations. However, delta 18-O on the QIC is also influenced by other internally varying climate system processes (e.g., South American Monsoon, ITCZ position). Consequently, additional El Niño proxies are needed to reduce the uncertainties inherent in past El Niño reconstructions and to help facilitate more accurate projections of intensity and frequency.The new data that could result from the research is aimed at testing two hypotheses: 1) the snow melt and percolation induced by El Niño is identifiable in the prior year's snow layer and can be calibrated to the El Niño's strength in terms of temperature and radiative forcing; and 2) the concentration and co-association of biogenic and evaporitic species will be enhanced and detectable deeper in the ice and thereby reveal past El Niño frequency.The potential broader impacts include capturing the chemical and physical signatures of a modern El Niño event in real time that could help evaluate past ENSO variability preserved in ice cores as well as assessing the role of solar forcing in climate. The research will help support an early career female scientist and the research results will be disseminated in short video segments appropriate for the public.

该奖项在快速响应研究（快速）概念的主持下使用资金来挖掘三个新的雪坑，并从秘鲁南部的Quelccaya冰盖（QIC）收集了两个新的十米长核心。这些坑和核心的样品将进行物理和化学分析，以解决沉积后特征（例如熔体特征）和浓度升高的干燥沉积痕量物种（例如，黑色碳，粉尘，氨）的浓度升高，提供了过去的Elniño-Southern-Southern-Southern Oscilling（Enso）事件的新标记，并有助于实现量化的量化。这些新标记还将应用于最近四十年中收集的延长的热带冰核档案中存在的其他冰芯。过去的厄尔尼诺现象的化学和物理指纹保留在来自安第斯冰川的冰芯中，尤其是QIC的冰芯中，尤其是QIC，并提供了量化过去的Enso变异性的潜力。 QIC的先前的同位素（Delta 18-Oxygen）记录提供了很长的年度解决历史（1800年）的太平洋海面温度（SST）变化。但是，QIC上的Delta 18-O也受到其他内部变化的气候系统过程的影响（例如，南美季风，ITCZ位置）。因此，还需要额外的厄尔尼诺警察来减少过去的厄尔尼诺尼诺重建中固有的不确定性，并有助于支持更准确的强度和频率预测。这项研究可能导致的新数据旨在测试两个假设：1）在ElNiño中诱导的雪融化和成员可以识别埃尔尼涅（ElNiño）的统一，并且可以定位于ElNiño的统一温度，并且可以定位，并且可以定位，并且可以定位较高的降雪量，并且可以定位，并且可以定量降低了较高的降雪量，并且可以定位降低了较高的水平，并且可以定位降低了较高的降雪量，并且可以定位。辐射强迫； and 2) the concentration and co-association of biogenic and evaporitic species will be enhanced and detectable deeper in the ice and thereby reveal past El Niño frequency.The potential broadcaster impacts include capturing the chemical and physical signatures of a modern El Niño event in real time that could help evaluate past ENSO variability preserved in ice cores as well as assessing the role of solar forcing in climate.这项研究将有助于支持早期的女性科学家，研究结果将在适合公众的简短视频细分中传播。