P2C2: A 20,000 Year Ice Core-Derived Record of Paleoclimate and Environmental Variability in the Tropical Andes: Nevado Huascaran, Cordillera Blanca, Peru

P2C2：热带安第斯山脉古气候和环境变化的 20,000 年冰芯记录：秘鲁布兰卡山脉 Nevado Huascaran

• 批准号: 1805819
• 负责人: Lonnie Thompson
• 金额: $ 142.5万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-15 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1805819&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: P2C2; 20; 000; Year; Ice

The researchers intend to drill two 165-meter long cores to bedrock from the col (i.e., the lowest point on a mountain ridge between two peaks) at 6,050 meters above sea level masl) and two 70-meter cores from the South Peak summit at 6,756 masl). Although the col was surveyed and successfully drilled to bedrock in 1993, summit drilling was not possible, and only a few dating techniques were available to help establish a valid time scale for the last 20,000 years. Stable isotope records from Huascaran will provide histories of mid-troposphere temperature and precipitation, and the site's proximity to the Amazon Basin will allow the reconstruction of environmental changes in the vast rainforest by analyzing biological parameters (microbial populations, pollen and methane concentrations).The researchers aim to address the following objectives: (1) document and characterize abrupt climate and environmental variations with emphasis on mid-Holocene events and the deglaciation; (2) assess how the climate and environment have changed over the past century in response to anthropogenic forcing; (3) establish tightly constrained timescales for each of the ice cores; (4) determine tropical atmospheric and climatological dynamics on multi-decadal, decadal, and ENSO time scales; (5) assess the regional characteristics of climatic and environmental variability during the Holocene and Last Glacial Stage (LGS) with a focus on changes in the Amazon Basin and determine how they compare to contemporaneous conditions elsewhere; and (6) provide one-quarter of the Huascaran col core for archival at the U.S. National Ice Core Laboratory for future investigations by the scientific community.The potential Broader Impacts (B.I.) includes strong science and educational aspects. Mid-tropospheric warming in the Peruvian Andes, enhanced by recent strong El Ninos, is accelerating glacier retreat. Currently this retreat is increasing dry season water discharge which is not sustainable. Most of Peru's population lives in the west coast desert which relies on glacier streams for agriculture, hydroelectricity, and municipal water supplies. Retreating glaciers also exacerbate geohazards and impact ecosystems, tourism and recreation. Understanding the impact of this acceleration of glacier loss on future water resources requires information about past changes in high elevation glacier mass balance which is virtually unknown, except from a few point-estimates based on ice core studies. Such information is urgently needed by policymakers, governmental agencies, and public resource administrators to help guide mitigation and adaptation strategies. Educational and public outreach will be conducted through Ohio State University's Education and Outreach Program recently established educational and outreach programs in Peru. Such programs are dedicated to providing climatic and environmental information to students, the public, and policymakers at all levels. The project would support early career scientists and continue to foster international collaborations in science.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

研究人员打算从海拔 6,050 米的山坳（即两座山峰之间山脊的最低点）钻取两个 165 米长的岩心至基岩，并从海拔 6,050 米的南峰山顶钻取两个 70 米长的岩心。 6,756 质量）。尽管在 1993 年对山坳进行了勘察并成功钻探至基岩，但山顶钻探是不可能的，并且只有少数测年技术可以帮助建立过去 20,000 年的有效时间尺度。瓦斯卡兰的稳定同位素记录将提供对流层中部温度和降水的历史，并且该地点靠近亚马逊盆地，将允许通过分析生物参数（微生物种群、花粉和甲烷浓度）来重建广阔雨林中的环境变化。研究人员旨在实现以下目标：（1）记录和描述气候和环境的突然变化，重点关注全新世中期事件和冰川消融； (2) 评估过去一个世纪气候和环境如何因人为强迫而发生变化； (3) 为每个冰芯建立严格约束的时间尺度； (4) 确定多十年、十年和 ENSO 时间尺度上的热带大气和气候动态； (5) 评估全新世和末次冰期（LGS）期间气候和环境变化的区域特征，重点关注亚马逊流域的变化，并确定它们与其他地区同期条件的比较； (6) 提供四分之一的瓦斯卡兰山口核心存档在美国国家冰芯实验室，以供科学界未来的调查。潜在的更广泛影响 (B.I.) 包括强大的科学和教育方面。 最近强烈的厄尔尼诺现象加剧了秘鲁安第斯山脉的对流层中层变暖，正在加速冰川退缩。目前，这个避难所正在增加旱季的排水量，这是不可持续的。 秘鲁大部分人口居住在西海岸沙漠，农业、水力发电和市政供水依赖冰川溪流。冰川后退还会加剧地质灾害，影响生态系统、旅游业和娱乐业。要了解冰川流失加速对未来水资源的影响，需要有关高海拔冰川质量平衡过去变化的信息，除了基于冰芯研究的一些点估计之外，这些信息实际上是未知的。 政策制定者、政府机构和公共资源管理者迫切需要此类信息来帮助指导缓解和适应战略。教育和公共推广将通过俄亥俄州立大学的教育和推广计划最近在秘鲁设立的教育和推广计划进行。此类项目致力于向学生、公众和各级政策制定者提供气候和环境信息。 该项目将支持早期职业科学家，并继续促进科学领域的国际合作。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

The impacts of warming on rapidly retreating high-altitude, low-latitude glaciers and ice core-derived climate records

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103538
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Global and Planetary Change
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: L. Thompson;M. Davis;E. Mosley‐Thompson;S. Porter;Gustavo Valdivia Corrales;C. Shuman;C. Tucker

Contribution of biomass burning to black carbon deposition on Andean glaciers: consequences for radiative forcing

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/acb371
• 发表时间: 2023-01
• 期刊: Environmental Research Letters
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: E. Bonilla;L. Mickley;E. Beaudon;L. Thompson;W. Rodriguez;Cruz Encarnación;C. Whicker;M. Flanner;G. Schmitt;P. Ginot