RAPID: Synergistic Impacts of Corrosive Water and Interrupted Corrosion Control on Chemical/Microbiological Water Quality: Flint, MI

RAPID：腐蚀性水和中断腐蚀控制对化学/微生物水质的协同影响：密歇根州弗林特

• 批准号: 1556258
• 负责人: Marc Edwards
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-15 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1556258&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Synergistic; Impacts; Corrosive; Water

1556258EdwardsFlint, MI, is currently suffering from a "perfect storm" attributable to out-of-control corrosion of its aging potable water distribution system. The hypothesis is that these circumstances will also create severe chemical/biological health risks for Flint residents, including elevated levels of lead and opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens in drinking water. Preliminary data collected has revealed extraordinarily high levels of lead, with average concentrations over 20 minutes of water use exceeding 2,000 ppb ( 200 times the World Health Organization allowable levels for lead in potable water).The main objectives of this research are to: 1) compare levels of chlorine, iron, fecal indicator bacteria, opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens, and corrosion-inducing bacteria present in water mains of a distribution system with uncontrolled corrosion (Flint) versus surrounding cities/counties still using non-corrosive water, 2) profile opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens occurrence in hot and cold potable water systems at these same locations, and 3) determine if there is evidence of elevated lead in Flint homes, and, if so, forensically determine the links to iron corrosion in the distribution system. The elements of the "perfect storm" currently include: under-appreciation of the role of corrosion control in sustaining urban potable water systems and increased corrosion due to higher chloride in Flint's new source water. The high rates of corrosion occurring in Flint are releasing high levels of iron to water and consuming chlorine disinfectant, which our most recent laboratory testing has indicated will increase lead release to water and growth of opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens in cold and hot water plumbing systems. The unfortunate but unique opportunity offered by Flint's current situation, provides an ideal opportunity to field test our recent discoveries regarding potentially adverse consequences of iron corrosion on chemical/microbiological water quality at field rather than laboratory scale. The general results and approach used herein can inform residents and managers of other U.S. cities, who will soon be dealing with similar problems associated with failing potable water infrastructure exacerbated by increased chloride in water due to excessive use of road salt and rising sea levels.

1556258密歇根州爱德华兹弗林特目前正遭受一场“完美风暴”，原因是其老化的饮用水分配系统失控腐蚀。假设这些情况还将给弗林特居民带来严重的化学/生物健康风险，包括饮用水中铅含量升高和机会性前提管道病原体。收集的初步数据显示铅含量极高，用水 20 分钟内的平均浓度超过 2,000 ppb（是世界卫生组织饮用水中铅允许含量的 200 倍）。这项研究的主要目的是：1)比较腐蚀不受控制的分配系统的总水管中存在的氯、铁、粪便指示菌、机会性场所管道病原体和腐蚀诱导细菌的水平 (Flint)与仍在使用非腐蚀性水的周边城市/县相比，2) 分析这些相同地点的冷热饮用水系统中机会性前提管道病原体的发生情况，以及 3) 确定弗林特家庭中是否有铅含量升高的证据，以及，如果因此，从法医角度确定配电系统中铁腐蚀的联系。目前，“完美风暴”的要素包括：对腐蚀控制在维持城市饮用水系统中的作用认识不足，以及由于弗林特新水源水中氯化物含量较高而加剧腐蚀。弗林特发生的高腐蚀率正在向水中释放高含量的铁并消耗含氯消毒剂，我们最近的实验室测试表明，这将增加水中的铅释放以及冷水和热水管道系统中机会性前提管道病原体的生长。弗林特目前的情况提供了一个不幸但独特的机会，它提供了一个理想的机会，可以在现场而不是实验室规模上对我们最近发现的铁腐蚀对化学/微生物水质的潜在不利后果进行现场测试。本文使用的一般结果和方法可以为美国其他城市的居民和管理人员提供参考，他们很快就会处理与饮用水基础设施失效相关的类似问题，而由于过度使用路盐和海平面上升，水中氯化物增加，加剧了这些问题。