Doctoral Dissertation Research: Human Population Inferences Via Canine Genetics

博士论文研究：通过犬类遗传学进行人口推断

• 批准号: 1540336
• 负责人: Ripan Malhi
• 金额: $ 3.15万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-15 至 2017-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1540336&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Human; Population; Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Human; Population

Dogs were the first domesticated animal to be widely distributed through the Americas, and their long association with humans suggests that dogs and humans in the Americas may have migrated together. This project will analyze DNA from 100 skeletal dog remains from a wide variety of time periods and regions of the Americas. If the project demonstrates that dogs and humans in the Americas have similar genetic patterns, it is likely that dogs are a good proxy for human population and migration history in the Americas. Given the ethical concerns of excavating and performing destructive analysis on human remains in the Americas, using dogs as a substitute species would be a way to continue to address research questions about human population history while also being respectful of the wishes of the cultural or biological descendants of the human remains. Results from this project will be presented at the Summer Internship for Native Americans in Genomics (SING) workshop, a week-long workshop that brings together Native Americans who are interested in learning about the methods and ethics involved in genetic research. A partnership with the Illinois State Archaeological Survey will produce a virtual museum exhibit that discusses the project as well as relates to the public how genetic and archaeological data can be interpreted to learn more about human history.Dog burials are widespread across the Americas, and ancient DNA analysis of dogs can be used to infer human population history and movements in cases where human remains are unavailable to study. Nearly all studies of ancient dogs have focused on the hypervariable region (HVR) of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome), which has limitations as a reliable indicator of population history. Sequencing the complete mitogenome can clarify understanding of domesticated dogs in the Americas and their time of entry, and with the low cost of next-generation sequencing it is possible to reassess previous analyses of dogs in the Americas using mitogenome data in the place of HVR data. With access to dog remains from a broad geographic and temporal span, and an aim to sequence 100 dog mitogenomes to compare to published ancient dog (N=3) and wolf (N=40) mitogenomes, the investigators will assess whether dog and human demographic histories show similar patterns, and if dogs in the Americas derive from Eurasian or American wolves. Clarification of these points using mitogenome data contributes to a better understanding of human populations in the Americas and their demographic history, as well as the origins of dogs in the Americas.

狗是第一个通过美洲广泛分布的家养动物，它们与人类的长期联系表明，美洲的狗和人类可能已经一起迁移。该项目将分析来自美洲各个时期和地区的100只骨骼狗残留物的DNA。如果该项目表明美洲的狗和人类具有相似的遗传模式，那么狗很可能是人口的良好代理和美洲移民史。鉴于对美洲人类遗体进行挖掘和进行破坏性分析的道德关注，将狗作为替代物种将是一种继续解决有关人口历史的研究问题的方式，同时也尊重人类遗体的文化或生物后代的愿望。该项目的结果将在暑期实习于美国原住民基因组学（SING）研讨会的暑期实习期间，这是一个为期一周的研讨会，该研讨会汇集了有兴趣了解遗传研究所涉及的方法和伦理学的美洲原住民。与伊利诺伊州考古调查的合作伙伴关系将制作一个虚拟博物馆展览，讨论该项目，并与公众有关遗传和考古数据如何被解释以更多地了解有关人类历史的更多信息。狗的埋葬广泛是在整个美洲的广泛，而古老的DNA分析可以用于推断人的人口历史和人类流动的情况，以便于人类的人口和运动无效地研究。几乎所有对古老狗的研究都集中在线粒体基因组（有丝分裂基因组）的高变量区域（HVR）上，该区域的局限性是人口历史的可靠指标。对完整的有丝分裂基因组进行测序可以阐明对美洲驯养的狗的了解及其进入时间，并且随着下一代测序的低成本，可以使用有丝分裂基因组在HVR数据的情况下重新评估美洲狗的先前分析。从宽阔的地理和时间跨度中获取狗的遗体，旨在对100个狗有丝分裂组的序列进行序列，以与已出版的古代狗（n = 3）和狼（n = 40）有丝分裂基因组相比，研究人员将评估狗和人口统计学的历史图案，以及是否从欧洲或美国狼衍生出狗的狗是否显示出相似的模式。使用有丝分裂基因组数据澄清这些观点，有助于更好地了解美洲人口及其人口史以及美洲狗的起源。