Collaborative Research: Emergency Funding for Repair of the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences Tudor Hill Marine Atmospheric Observatory

合作研究：修复百慕大海洋科学研究所都铎山海洋大气观测站的紧急资金

• 批准号: 1536670
• 负责人: William Keene
• 金额: $ 8.94万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1536670&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Emergency; Funding; Repair

The marine troposphere plays important roles in the global geochemical cycles of many elements, in the global distribution of organic compounds, nutrients, microbes and pollutants, and in the global radiation budget. The ability to observe and sample gases, aerosol and precipitation in the marine boundary layer is central to providing a better understanding of these processes. By virtue of its location in the western North Atlantic Ocean, Bermuda has been a key location for numerous field studies of the marine troposphere. A marine atmospheric observatory, consisting of a 23-m high atmospheric sampling tower and site laboratories, was first established at Tudor Hill, Bermuda, in 1987 as part of the NSF-funded Atmosphere Ocean Chemistry Experiment. NSF support, the Tudor Hill tower and site laboratories were repaired and refitted in 2003, and have since been operated and maintained as a community research facility. Unfortunately, during the passage of Hurricane Gonzalo, a category 2 storm when it made landfall over Bermuda on 17-18 October 2014, the tower was damaged beyond repair. This award will enable the tower to be replaced to ensure that the research activities at the facility will continue. This project is expected to make significant educational contributions at a number of levels, including undergraduate education opportunities through the NSF-funded Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), through other courses taught at BIOS, and by the inclusion of postgraduate students in external scientific research activities. The Tudor Hill facility will continue to feature in BIOS public outreach activities, public lectures, weekly tours, and the annual open-house day. The Tudor Hill Atmospheric Observatory is currently funded to operate through to August, 2017. Through this award, the destroyed tower will be replaced so that these operations can continue. Presently the facility hosts long-term measurement activities in support of research and monitoring being conducted by a number of federal agencies and universities. Additionally, sampling activities for one NSF-funded project are due to commence later in 2015 and four additional prospective projects which would make use of the facility are currently awaiting funding decisions. Since NSF support commenced in 2003, research conducted at the facility to date has substantively contributed to at least 25 published peer-reviewed papers and to numerous presentations at US and international conferences. The facility has also been utilized as a critical mid-oceanic location for monitoring greenhouse gases, ozone and air column properties through the activities of NOAA and NASA. Collectively, these efforts have contributed to a better understanding of the biogeochemical and physical processes in the marine atmosphere. The continued operation and maintenance of the Tudor Hill site will facilitate research concerning the chemistry and physics of the marine troposphere and ocean-atmosphere exchange processes - topics that are central to international research initiatives such as IGAC, SOLAS and GEOTRACES. Findings from such studies can be expected to improve prediction and mitigation of the effects of anticipated future climatic and environmental change. In a regional context, the Tudor Hill facility will complement ongoing time-series research in the Sargasso Sea, including Hydrostation S and the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series Station..

海洋对流层在许多元素的全球地球化学周期，有机化合物，营养素，微生物和污染物的全球分布以及全球放射预算中起着重要作用。观察和采样气体，海洋边界层中的气溶胶和降水的能力对于更好地理解这些过程至关重要。由于其在北大西洋西部的位置，百慕大一直是海洋对流层众多现场研究的关键位置。 1987年，由NSF资助的大气海洋化学实验的一部分，由23米高大气采样塔和现场实验室组成的海洋大气探测器首次在百慕大的Tudor Hill建立。 NSF支持，都铎山塔楼和现场实验室在2003年进行了修复和改建，此后一直在经营和维护作为社区研究机构。不幸的是，在2014年10月17日至8日登陆百慕大时，山扎洛飓风登陆时，这塔被损坏了。该奖项将使塔得到更换，以确保该设施的研究活动将继续。预计该项目将在许多层面上做出重大的教育贡献，包括通过NSF资助的本科生（REU）计划（REU）计划在百慕大海洋科学研究所（BIOS），通过BIOS教授的其他课程，以及通过在外部科学研究活动中纳入研究生的其他课程。 Tudor Hill设施将继续展出BIOS公共外展活动，公开演讲，每周旅行和年度开放日。 Tudor Hill大气天文台目前旨在直至2017年8月运营。通过该奖项，将更换被摧毁的塔楼，以便可以继续进行这些操作。 目前，该设施举办了长期测量活动，以支持许多联邦机构和大学进行的研究和监测。此外，一个由NSF资助的项目进行的抽样活动将于2015年晚些时候开始，而将使用该设施的其他四个潜在项目目前正在等待资金决定。自NSF支持于2003年开始以来，迄今为止在该设施进行的研究实质上为25份发表的同行评审论文以及在美国和国际会议上进行了众多演讲。该设施还被用作通过NOAA和NASA的活动来监测温室气体，臭氧和空气柱特性的关键中东地区。总的来说，这些努力有助于更好地理解海洋气氛中的生物地球化学和物理过程。 Tudor Hill遗址的持续运行和维护将有助于有关海洋对流层和海洋 - 大气交换过程的化学和物理学的研究，这是IGAC，SOLAS和GEOTRASE等国际研究计划的核心。可以预期，从这些研究中的发现将改善预测和减轻预期的未来气候和环境变化的影响。在区域背景下，都铎山的设施将补充萨尔加索海正在进行的时间序列研究，包括液压S和百慕大大西洋时间序列车站。