NeTS: Medium: Provisioning, Enforcing, and Pricing Temporal Service Differentiation in Virtualized Networked Environments

NeTS：中：虚拟化网络环境中的临时服务差异化配置、实施和定价

• 批准号: 1514254
• 负责人: Roch Guerin
• 金额: $ 60.22万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-10-01 至 2020-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1514254&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NeTS; Medium; Provisioning; Enforcing; Pricing

Cloud computing has transformed how we approach computing. Its uses range from large-scale scientific computations, to e-commerce, to data-intensive applications, to web-hosting. This diversity is a measure of its success, but also represents one of the major challenges it faces. Cloud computing strength is through the sharing of computing resources, but sharing must be controlled. Imagine financial transactions or real-time medical imaging processing experiencing slow-downs because of, say, a high volume batch application. Current solutions control sharing at a very coarse level, e.g., the number of processor cores an application is entitled to, or how much memory or network bandwidth it can consume. This coarse control has been shown insufficient to offer strong response time guarantees. This project will design and implement solutions that address this short-coming, and in the process extend the cost and performance benefits of cloud computing to critical applications with real-time requirements. The project will provide a comprehensive understanding of the dependencies that exist among cloud computing resources (CPU, memory, network bandwidth, etc.), and devise scheduling and resource management solutions that account for those dependencies to provide fine grain control of the response time afforded to cloud users. A prototype implementation and a testbed will be used to demonstrate the applicability and feasibility of the solutions.The project will explore the complex resource interactions that arise in virtualization technologies at the core of cloud computing solutions. The focus is on enforcing service guarantees for I/O operations in virtualized systems, as they play a critical role in delivering end-to-end computing guarantees. Specifically, the project will characterize the resource dependencies involved in I/O operations in a virtualized environment, and develop mechanisms to manage them effectively. Sample questions the project will investigate include the relationship between I/O performance and the number of CPU cores allocated to I/O operations, the overhead of assigning different threads to traffic from different VMs and traffic classes, the impact on performance of different interrupt handling strategies, etc. The implementation cost (overhead) of different scheduling and resource management mechanisms will also be quantified to enable informed trade-offs between efficiency and resource guarantees. A prototype implementation will be carried out in the Xen environment, and demonstrated over a local testbed consisting of eight 16-core computers with network connectivity ranging from 1Gbps to 40Gbps.Broader Impacts: Cloud computing already plays a major role in our modern society, but it has the potential to grow even further in scale and scope (e.g., optimizing the efficiency of our electrical grid or controlling the flow of traffic to minimize congestion in urban settings). Realizing the cloud's full potential, however, requires that it evolves to offer predictable guarantees. This project will develop solutions towards realizing this goal, and in the process extend the benefits of cloud computing to new applications of vital importance to our society. Transfer of those solutions to commercially used cloud systems will be pursued through the delivery of modules aimed at the open-source Xen system (on which Amazon EC2 is based). The project will also target improving students' ability to leverage cloud computing. It will develop educational lab modules that give students direct hands-on experience with the complex interactions that arise in virtualized environments. The project will also be used to foster students' interest in cloud computing research by offering summer research opportunities to undergraduate students. Special emphasis will be given to recruiting women and under-represented minorities.

云计算改变了我们处理计算的方式。 它的用途包括大规模科学计算、电子商务、数据密集型应用程序和网络托管。 这种多样性是衡量其成功的标准，但也是其面临的主要挑战之一。 云计算的力量是通过计算资源的共享来实现的，但共享必须受到控制。 想象一下金融交易或实时医学成像处理由于大容量批处理应用程序而出现速度减慢的情况。当前的解决方案在非常粗略的级别上控制共享，例如应用程序有权使用的处理器核心的数量，或者它可以消耗多少内存或网络带宽。 这种粗略控制已被证明不足以提供强有力的响应时间保证。 该项目将设计和实施解决方案来解决这一缺点，并在此过程中将云计算的成本和性能优势扩展到具有实时要求的关键应用程序。 该项目将全面了解云计算资源（CPU、内存、网络带宽等）之间存在的依赖性，并设计考虑这些依赖性的调度和资源管理解决方案，以提供对所提供的响应时间的细粒度控制给云用户。 将使用原型实现和测试平台来演示解决方案的适用性和可行性。该项目将探索作为云计算解决方案核心的虚拟化技术中出现的复杂资源交互。 重点是为虚拟化系统中的 I/O 操作实施服务保证，因为它们在提供端到端计算保证方面发挥着关键作用。 具体来说，该项目将描述虚拟化环境中 I/O 操作所涉及的资源依赖性，并开发有效管理它们的机制。 该项目将调查的示例问题包括 I/O 性能与分配给 I/O 操作的 CPU 核心数量之间的关系、为来自不同 VM 和流量类别的流量分配不同线程的开销、不同中断处理对性能的影响不同调度和资源管理机制的实施成本（开销）也将被量化，以实现效率和资源保证之间的明智权衡。 原型实施将在 Xen 环境中进行，并在由 8 台 16 核计算机组成的本地测试平台上进行演示，网络连接范围从 1Gbps 到 40Gbps。 更广泛的影响：云计算已经在我们的现代社会中发挥着重要作用，但是它有可能在规模和范围上进一步增长（例如，优化电网效率或控制交通流量以最大程度地减少城市环境中的拥堵）。然而，要充分发挥云的潜力，就需要它不断发展以提供可预测的保证。该项目将开发实现这一目标的解决方案，并在此过程中将云计算的优势扩展到对我们社会至关重要的新应用程序。 将通过交付针对开源 Xen 系统（Amazon EC2 所基于的系统）的模块，将这些解决方案转移到商业使用的云系统。 该项目还将致力于提高学生利用云计算的能力。 它将开发教育实验室模块，让学生直接体验虚拟化环境中出现的复杂交互。 该项目还将通过为本科生提供暑期研究机会来培养学生对云计算研究的兴趣。 将特别重视招募女性和代表性不足的少数群体。