CNH-L: Resilience and Adaptive Capacity of Small-Scale Fishing Communities and Coastal Marine Ecosystems to Environmental and Economic Variability

CNH-L：小型渔业社区和沿海海洋生态系统对环境和经济变化的恢复力和适应能力

• 批准号: 1518361
• 负责人: Heather Leslie
• 金额: $ 179.07万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1518361&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; Resilience; Adaptive; Capacity; Small

Fisheries are an important source of food and income for approximately 520 million people globally. Small-scale fisheries, in particular, are incredibly important; they employ more than 90 percent of the world's approximately 35 million capture fishermen worldwide, and contribute over half of the world's marine and inland fish catch, nearly all of which is used for direct human consumption. Small-scale fisheries shape coastal cultures, economies, and ecosystems. Yet knowledge of small-scale fisheries is notoriously poor, in part because they often are marginalized within their own communities and nations. With the increasing emphasis on reconciling food security and other development aims with environmental conservation, integrated understanding of small-scale fisheries is more critical than ever. This research project will develop fundamental knowledge of human-environment interactions in coastal marine systems, and help inform the development and evaluation of innovative small-scale fisheries management strategies. Specifically, this research will examine how environmental and economic variability and institutional diversity shape the resilience and adaptive capacity of the coupled natural and human systems associated with the small-scale fisheries.This work will focus on the reciprocal interactions between the ecosystems and institutions associated with small-scale fisheries in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur (BCS). BCS is an ideal model system in which to investigate these human-ecosystem dynamics, given its variability of institutional, economic, and ecological contexts. For most fishermen in BCS, access to necessary capital inputs (boats, gear, etc.) is achieved either through membership in a fishing-cooperative or via a relationship with a patron. Both empirical evidence and theory suggest that fisheries dominated by cooperatives may contribute to improved ecosystem and human wellbeing outcomes, relative to those dominated by patron-client relationships. But the mechanisms underlying these differences and how they may contribute to resilience of human and natural systems to environmental and economic variability are not well understood, nor have they been well tested empirically. This work will address these gaps by integrating field and synthetic investigations at the scale of individual fishing communities throughout BCS. This work will generate new social and ecological data including information on fish abundances and distributions, indicators of ecological resilience and ecosystem health, information on fishermen activities and community characteristics, indicators of institutional resilience, and indicators of individual and community well-being. The project will also create targeted dynamic models of key human-environment interactions that will address core issues in coupled human-natural system science, ecology, economics, and common-pools resources studies.

渔业是全球约5.2亿人口的重要粮食和收入来源。特别是小型渔业非常重要。他们在全球范围内拥有超过90％的全球捕获渔民的90％以上，并贡献了全球海洋和内陆鱼类捕捞量的一半以上，几乎所有这些都用于直接人类消费。小型渔业塑造沿海文化，经济和生态系统。然而，对小型渔业的了解众所周知，部分原因是它们经常在自己的社区和国家中被边缘化。随着越来越强调核对粮食安全和其他发展的目标与环境保护的目标，对小规模渔业的综合了解比以往任何时候都更为重要。该研究项目将在沿海海洋系统中发展人类环境相互作用的基本知识，并帮助为创新的小型渔业管理策略提供开发和评估。 具体而言，这项研究将研究环境和经济的可变性以及制度多样性如何影响与小规模渔业相关的耦合的自然和人类系统的韧性和适应能力。这项工作将重点介绍与墨西哥墨西哥近规模渔业相关的生态系统与机构之间的互惠相互作用。 BCS是一个理想的模型系统，可以在其中研究这些人体生态系统动态，鉴于其机构，经济和生态环境的变化。对于大多数BC中的渔民，可以通过捕鱼合作的会员或与顾客的关系来获得必要的资本投入（船，齿轮等）。经验证据和理论都表明，相对于由顾客 - 客户关系主导的渔业，以合作社为主的渔业可能有助于改善生态系统和人类的福祉结果。但是，这些差异的基础机制以及它们如何促进人类和自然系统对环境和经济变异性的韧性，也不对它们进行良好的经验测试。这项工作将通过整合卑诗省各个捕鱼社区规模的领域和合成研究来解决这些差距。这项工作将产生新的社会和生态数据，包括有关鱼类丰度和分布的信息，生态弹性和生态系统健康的指标，有关渔民活动和社区特征的信息，机构弹性的指标以及个人和社区福祉的指标。该项目还将创建针对人类环境相互作用的主要动态模型，这些模型将解决人类天然系统科学，生态学，经济学和普通池资源研究中的核心问题。