Evolution and Ecology of the Human Oral Microbiome

人类口腔微生物组的进化和生态学

• 批准号: 1516633
• 负责人: Christina Warinner
• 金额: $ 10.15万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1516633&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evolution; Ecology; Human; Oral; Microbiome

The human microbiome, the sum total of bacteria that live in and on the human body, harbors 90% of our cells and 99% of our genes, and plays a critical role in performing many basic human life functions. And yet, we know very little about its diversity, variation, and evolution. The human oral cavity alone harbors a complex ecosystem containing more than 1,000 microbial species, and this oral microbiome has been associated with tooth decay, cardiovascular disease and a range of respiratory illnesses. Recently it has been discovered that dental calculus (calcified dental plaque) entraps a rich record of the oral microbiome that preserves for thousands of years. The objective of this study is to use metagenomic and metaproteomic approaches to systematically characterize the oral microbiome of chimpanzees and humans from the Paleolithic to the present. This study will contribute to reconstructing the human oral microbiome through time and understanding the origins of common oral pathogens and diseases. Findings from this study will also contribute to student training, and public science outreach and education. Few studies have conducted basic research on the natural variation of the human oral microbiome or on changes in the oral microbiome through time. As a result little is known about the origins and evolutionary ecology of the human oral microbiome. Recently it has been discovered that dental calculus (calcified dental plaque) entraps a rich biomolecular record of the oral microbiome that preserves for thousands of years. This project will use state-of-the-art metagenomic and metaproteomic technologies to characterize the microbes of the oral cavity collected from chimpanzees and extinct and extant members of Homo: archaic Homo heidelbergensis (ca. 430,000 BP), Paleolithic H. sapiens (ca. 23,000 BP and 20,000 BP), Chalcolithic H. sapiens (ca. 4,000 BP), and present-day humans and chimpanzees. These samples will provide a path to reconstructing the the human oral microbiome over the course of hominin evolution.

人类微生物组，人体和人体中的细菌总和，拥有90％的细胞和99％的基因，并且在执行许多基本人类生命功能方面起着至关重要的作用。但是，我们对它的多样性，变化和进化知之甚少。单独的人类口腔拥有一个复杂的生态系统，其中包含1000多种微生物物种，并且该口腔微生物组与牙齿衰减，心血管疾病和一系列呼吸道疾病有关。最近，人们发现牙齿演算（钙化的牙齿斑块）捕获了数千年来保存的口腔微生物组的丰富记录。这项研究的目的是使用元基因组和元蛋白质组学方法系统地表征从旧石器时代到现在的黑猩猩和人类的口腔微生物组。这项研究将有助于通过时间来重建人口腔微生物组，并了解常见的口腔病原体和疾病的起源。这项研究的结果还将有助于学生培训以及公共科学宣传和教育。很少有研究对人口腔微生物组的自然变异或口腔微生物组随时间变化进行基础研究。结果，关于人口腔微生物组的起源和进化生态知之甚少。最近，人们发现牙齿演算（钙化的牙菌斑）捕获了富含口服微生物组的生物分子记录，该记录保存了数千年。 This project will use state-of-the-art metagenomic and metaproteomic technologies to characterize the microbes of the oral cavity collected from chimpanzees and extinct and extant members of Homo: archaic Homo heidelbergensis (ca. 430,000 BP), Paleolithic H. sapiens (ca. 23,000 BP and 20,000 BP), Chalcolithic H. sapiens (ca. 4,000 bp）和当今的人类和黑猩猩。这些样品将为在人类进化过程中重建人口腔微生物组提供一条途径。