Collaborative Research: Reconstructing Classic Genetic and Social Kinship Networks

合作研究：重建经典遗传和社会亲属关系网络

• 批准号: 2150813
• 负责人: Christina Warinner
• 金额: $ 26.11万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2150813&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Reconstructing; Classic; Genetic

Family and familial relations form the underlying basis of social interaction in all human societies around the world. Anthropological reconstructions of contemporary kinship systems have revealed how insightful the study of families are to understanding broader socio-political relationships. Yet to date, there is very little understanding of past kinship practices. Ancient historical texts to focus on elite social members. While these sources clearly show that royal marriages were vitally important political unions, it is necessary to move below the tip of the iceberg and begin to understand kinship at a societal scale to truly understand political relationships and interaction at a broader level. Recent advances in archaeological genetics offer enormous potential to understand such relationships in the ancient world. This project focuses on reconstructing the entirety of social kinship practices at a broad social scale. The project will provide a nuanced understanding of how a kinship system operated at different levels of social and political hierarchy, and it will open the door to societal-scale reconstructions of kinship practices in the past. This project provides training for a postdoctoral researcher in analytical techniques that bridge the social and natural sciences, as well as collaborative training opportunities for early career researchers. The project has flagship outreach and engagement components that will build international bridges between students and researchers, and directly involve stakeholders and descendant communities. Dissemination of results will be achieved through a multiplicity of scientific and popular publications, as well as interactive activities.The research examines: (1) how marriage alliances were employed by different members of a hierarchical social hierarchy; (2) how marriage patterns varied between polities; and (3) how marriage patterns changed over time, through a society’s rise to its decline and political collapse. These questions will be approached by systematically analyzing extensive archaeological data collected over the past 30 years, in combination with new radiocarbon dating and archaeogenetics analysis. Genome-wide ancient DNA analysis will be used to reconstruct the genetic history of 21 elite and commoner households in order to provide a societal scale understanding of kinship practices and marriage alliances at three different sites during periods of centralization and decline in political power and authority. The framework developed in this study will serve as a model that can be employed in multiple regions of the world to better understand the emergence and perpetuation of systems of power and inequality.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

家庭和家庭关系构成了世界各地人类社会社会互动的基础。当代亲属关系系统的人类学重建已经揭示了对家庭的研究有多深刻的了解，以了解更广泛的社会政治关系。然而，迄今为止，对过去的亲属实践的了解很少。古老的历史文本专注于精英社会成员。尽管这些消息来源清楚地表明，皇家婚姻是至关重要的政治工会，但有必要在冰山一角下移动，并开始在社会规模上理解亲属关系，以真正了解更广泛的政治关系和互动。档案遗传学的最新进展为了解古代世界的这种关系提供了巨大的潜力。该项目着重于以广泛的社会规模重建整个社会亲属实践。该项目将对亲属体系如何在不同层次的社会和政治等级制度中运作的细微理解，并将为过去的社会规模重建提供亲属实践的重建之门。该项目为培养社会和自然科学的分析技术研究人员提供了培训，并为早期职业研究人员提供了协作培训机会。该项目具有旗舰外展和参与组件，可以在学生和研究人员之间建立国际桥梁，并直接涉及利益相关者和后代社区。结果的传播将通过多种科学和流行的出版物以及互动活动来实现。 （2）政体之间的婚姻模式如何变化； （3）通过社会衰落和政治崩溃，婚姻模式如何随着时间的流逝而变化。这些问题将通过系统地分析过去30年中收集的广泛考古数据来解决这些问题，并结合新的放射性碳年代和考古学分析。全基因组的古老DNA分析将用于重建21名精英和平民家庭的遗传史，以便在政治权力和权威的集中化和下降期间对三个不同地点的亲属实践和婚姻联盟的社会规模理解。这项研究中开发的框架将作为一个模型，可以在世界多个地区使用，以更好地了解权力和不平等系统的出现和持续性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响来评估的珍贵的支​​持。