Collaborative Research: The Response of Continental Hydrothermal Systems to Tectonic, Magmatic, and Climatic Forcing

合作研究：大陆热液系统对构造、岩浆和气候强迫的响应

• 批准号: 1516361
• 负责人: Robert Sohn
• 金额: $ 128.64万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1516361&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Response; Continental; Hydrothermal

Continental hydrothermal systems have immense scientific and practical significance and are critically important to the Earth?s thermal budget and geochemical cycles. Continental hydrothermal systems are a primary source of economically important metal deposits, provide geothermal resources, support exotic ecosystems that are just beginning to be explored, and in some settings pose a significant geologic hazard via hydrothermal explosions. The subsurface conditions and processes that control these systems are poorly understood because they entail the flow of multi-phase and multi-component fluids through rocks with heterogeneous permeability fields that are perturbed by a multitude of geological and environmental processes. Carefully designed multidisciplinary field experiments and modeling efforts arerequired to understand the coupled processes that drive these dynamic systems and control their response to geological and environmental forcing. This project is focused on quantifying the response of continental hydrothermal systems to tectonic, magmatic, and climatic processes operating on time-scales from seconds to thousands of years. The PIs address important and timely scientific questions, such as: How do multi-phase fluids and dissolved constituents flux through hydrothermal systems? How do these systems redistribute elements to produce mineral deposits and microbial habitats? How do earthquakes and magmatic activity perturb hydrothermal systems? What triggers hydrothermal explosions? How do environmental processes and climate affect continental hydrothermal systems?The study will involve a combination of fieldwork, data analysis, and modeling. The field program uses a combination of innovative instrument networks and sediment coring activities that will be integrated through modeling activities to study the response of the Yellowstone Lake hydrothermal system to tectonic, magmatic, and climatic forcing. Yellowstone Lake is an ideal site for this research because it hosts an active hydrothermal system located in a region with high levels of tectonic and magmatic activity that has been influenced by a broad range of climate conditions in postglacial times. Research activities will include components of geochemistry, seismology, geology, geodesy, heat flow, micropaleontology, limnology, paleoclimatology, statistics, analytical modeling, and numerical modeling, all of which are essential for unraveling the coupled processes that drive system behavior. Working on a lake-floor system provides an exceptional opportunity to study forcing-response relationships on an expanded range of time-scales spanning more than 11 orders of magnitude.

大陆水热系统具有巨大的科学和实际意义，对地球的热预算和地球化学周期至关重要。大陆水热系统是经济上重要的金属沉积物的主要来源，提供地热资源，支持刚刚开始探索的异国生态系统，在某些情况下，通过水热爆炸构成了重大的地质危害。控制这些系统的地下条件和过程知之甚少，因为它们需要通过多种地质和环境过程扰动的异质通透性场的多相和多组分流体的流动。精心设计的跨学科现场实验和建模工作均需了解驱动这些动态系统并控制其对地质和环境强迫的响应的耦合过程。 该项目的重点是量化大陆水热系统对从几秒钟到几千年来按时间尺度运行的构造，岩浆和气候过程的响应。 PI解决了重要且及时的科学问题，例如：多相流体和溶解的成分通过水热系统如何？这些系统如何重新分布元素以产生矿藏和微生物栖息地？地震和岩浆活动如何摄取水热系统？是什么触发热液爆炸？环境过程和气候如何影响大陆水热系统？该研究将涉及现场工作，数据分析和建模的结合。现场计划结合了创新的仪器网络和沉积物加油活动，这些活动将通过建模活动进行整合，以研究黄石湖水热系统对构造，岩浆和气候强迫的响应。黄石湖是这项研究的理想场所，因为它拥有一个活跃的热液系统，该系统位于具有高水平的构造和岩浆活动的区域，该区域受到冰川后时期气候条件广泛的影响。研究活动将包括地球化学，地震学，地质学，地质学，热流，微生物结构学，林木学，古气候学，统计学，分析建模和数值建模的组成部分，所有这些对于揭示驱动系统行为的耦合过程至关重要。在湖泊地板系统上工作提供了一个极好的机会，可以在扩展的时间表上研究强迫响应关系，范围超过11个数量级。