RAPID collaborative proposal: Will corals recover from bleaching under ocean acidification conditions?

RAPID 合作提案：珊瑚会在海洋酸化条件下从白化中恢复吗？

• 批准号: 1514861
• 负责人: Robert Toonen
• 金额: $ 2.79万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-01-15 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1514861&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; collaborative; proposal; Will; corals

Following the second hottest month on record since the 1940s, water temperatures near the main Hawaiian Islands reached 30 °C in October 2014. The result of this 2 °C increase above normal temperatures has been a severe bleaching event across the Hawaiian Archipelago. In Kaneohe Bay, 75% of the dominant coral species are bleached. Bleaching is a stress response whereby corals lose their symbiotic algae and turn white. Prolonged bleaching can lead to disease, decreases in coral growth and reproduction, and even death. In addition, rising atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide cause the oceans to become more acidic and potentially less hospitable to coral reefs. By the end of this century, seawater is predicted to be twice as acidic as it is today. The current bleaching event in Hawaii provides a rare opportunity to test the ability of corals to recover under the acidic ocean conditions expected by the end of this century. This research compares the recovery rate of bleached corals in normal seawater to those exposed to more acidic seawater. The results will inform which species or reef regions are more resilient to global change conditions and thus better targets for protection. The results will be particularly relevant to management of the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument and World Heritage site. It will also provide critical data input for models that project the persistence of reefs in the future. Educationally, the research will provide a dynamic learning and training environment for students and a post-doctoral researcher. Minority students will be recruited and trained in marine science providing them with excellent career options in STEM disciplines. Results will be broadly disseminated through publications, classroom visits, public outreach and online media. Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on the planet, housing an estimated 25% of marine species. Massive coral bleaching poses a substantial threat to the integrity of coral reef habitats, and is predicted to be the major source of mortality for reefs under future climate model scenarios. Although previous work on the recovery of corals from bleaching sets the groundwork for this project, it remains to be seen how recovery from bleaching will be impacted by climate change and ocean acidification. This project takes advantage of the natural difference in baseline temperature and seawater acidity conditions between Kaneohe Bay and Waimanalo Bay, HI. Both these sites are impacted by the massive bleaching event. This research will test the recovery rate of bleached corals in normal seawater to that of bleached corals exposed to more acidic seawater. Three questions will be addressed: 1) Will ocean acidification slow rates of recovery from bleaching?; 2) Does zooplankton feeding minimize the impact of bleaching?; and 3) Do corals acclimated to warmer, more acidic conditions (Kaneohe Bay) recover more quickly than corals at present day mean oceanic conditions (Waimanalo Bay)? The project integrates techniques across the disciplines of ecology, physiology, evolution, and genomics. The research will help to identify characteristics of resilient coral species or populations that are more likely to survive bleaching events in the future.

自1940年代以来的第二个热门月份之后，夏威夷主要群岛附近的水温于2014年10月达到30°C。在夏威夷群岛上，这种2°C以上的2°C升高到正常温度以上的结果一直是一场严重的漂白事件。在Kaneohe湾，有75％的主要珊瑚物种被漂白。漂白是一种压力反应，珊瑚失去了共生藻类并变白。长时间的漂白可能会导致疾病，珊瑚生长和繁殖，甚至死亡。此外，二氧化碳的大气水平上升会导致海洋变得更加酸性，并且可能对珊瑚礁的住院程度更低。到本世纪末，预计海水的酸性是今天的两倍。当前在夏威夷的漂白事件提供了难得的机会，可以测试珊瑚在本世纪末预期的酸性海洋条件下恢复的能力。这项研究比较了正常海水中漂白珊瑚的恢复率与暴露于更酸性海水的珊瑚的恢复率。结果将告知哪些物种或珊瑚礁地区对全球变化条件更具弹性，从而更好地保护了保护目标。结果将与Papahanaumokuakea海洋国家纪念碑和世界遗产的管理特别相关。它还将为未来投影珊瑚礁持久性的模型提供关键数据输入。在教育上，这项研究将为学生和博士后研究人员提供动态的学习和培训环境。少数民族学生将接受海洋科学的招募和培训，为他们提供STEM学科的出色职业选择。结果将通过出版物，课堂访问，公共宣传和在线媒体进行广泛传播。珊瑚礁是地球上最多的生态系统之一，估计有25％的海洋物种。大规模的珊瑚漂白构成了珊瑚礁栖息地的完整性构成重大威胁，并且预计将在未来的气候模型情景下成为礁石死亡的主要来源。尽管先前关于从漂白珊瑚回收的工作为该项目奠定了基础，但仍有待观察的是，从漂白中恢复将如何受到气候变化和海洋酸化的影响。该项目利用了Kaneohe湾和Waimanalo湾之间的基线温度和海水酸度条件的自然差异。这两个站点都受到大规模漂白事件的影响。这项研究将测试正常海水中漂白的珊瑚的恢复速率，以暴露于更酸性海水的漂白珊瑚。将解决三个问题：1）海洋酸化会缓慢地从漂白中恢复吗？ 2）浮游动物是否可以最大程度地减少漂白的影响？ 3）珊瑚适应更温暖，更酸性条件（Kaneohe湾）比珊瑚恢复的速度比当今的海洋状况更快（Waimanalo湾）？该项目跨越了生态学，生理，进化和基因组学学科的技术。这项研究将有助于确定弹性珊瑚物种或种群的特征，这些特征更有可能在未来的漂白事件中生存。