Changes-of mind in target selection for action

行动目标选择的想法改变

• 批准号: 1514246
• 负责人: John McCarthy
• 金额: $ 23.4万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1514246&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Changes; mind; target; selection; action

The Directorate of Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences offers postdoctoral research fellowships to provide opportunities for recent doctoral graduates to obtain additional training, to gain research experience under the sponsorship of established scientists, and to broaden their scientific horizons beyond their undergraduate and graduate training. Postdoctoral fellowships are further designed to assist new scientists to direct their research efforts across traditional disciplinary lines and to avail themselves of unique research resources, sites, and facilities, including at foreign locations. This postdoctoral fellowship supports a rising scientist in the interdisciplinary area overlapping behavioral science, computational modeling and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), focusing on the process of decision making. Decision-making is a pervasive part of everyday life: in some cases, decisions are irreversible and in others an initial choice can be altered by a change of mind. For instance, when fetching a book off the shelf, one may initially reach toward the wrong title and later adjust the course of their reach in favor of the desired option. Such decisions require precise coordination between several brain systems to allocate attention, select a course of action, and execute hand and eye movements. Importantly, recent research demonstrates that cognition is tightly integrated with perception and action. Specifically, motor areas supporting the execution of eye and hand movements are also critically involved in decision-making; however, while the neural networks of decision-making are relatively well characterized, little is known about how the brain supports online changes to behavior after a decision to act has been executed. This proposal aims to investigate the brain systems supporting the ability to continuously modify decisions during target selection and determine how competition for attentional resources impacts this process. The results of this project will advance our understanding of the brain structures and neural information flow underlying rapid, flexible decision-making during action execution. This has important implications for informing impairments caused by disorders such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, and optic ataxia and the design of more advanced neural prosthetics to better serve amputees in dynamic, real-life settings.The goal of this research is to provide a more comprehensive understanding of human decision-making by examining how multiple brain systems interact to support changes of mind during target selection. Using a multi-faceted approach including behavioral, electroencephalography (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and advanced computational modeling techniques, this proposal will investigate the neural substrates that support rapid decision adjustments when executing actions. Specifically, how does the allocation of spatial attention during target selection impact change of mind? Moreover, what is the nature of information flow between higher-order cortical regions and eye- and hand-related motor areas during changes of mind during target selection? These results will represent an important step toward a more complete understanding of the brain mechanisms involved in complex human decision-making in naturalistic settings. This proposal is also supported by the NSF EPSCoR.

社会，行为和经济科学局提供了博士后研究奖学金，为最近的博士毕业生提供了获得额外培训的机会，以在既定科学家的赞助下获得研究经验，并将其科学视野扩大到本科生和研究生培训之外。博士后奖学金的进一步旨在帮助新科学家在传统的纪律线上指导他们的研究工作，并利用独特的研究资源，站点和设施，包括在外国地点。这项博士后奖学金支持跨学科领域的一位不断上升的科学家行为科学，计算建模和功能磁共振成像（fMRI），重点是决策过程。决策是日常生活中普遍的一部分：在某些情况下，决策是不可逆转的，在其他情况下，最初的选择可以通过改变主意来改变。例如，当从架子上拿出一本书时，最初可能会伸向错误的标题，然后随后调整其触手可及的途径，以支持所需的选项。这样的决定需要几个大脑系统之间的精确协调，以分配注意力，选择行动方案并执行手和眼动。重要的是，最近的研究表明，认知与感知和行动紧密融合。具体而言，支持眼睛和手动移动的电动区也与决策有关。但是，尽管决策的神经网络的表征相对很好，但对大脑在执行决定后如何支持在线行为的变化知之甚少。该建议旨在调查支持在目标选择期间连续修改决策的能力的大脑系统，并确定竞争对注意力资源的影响如何影响这一过程。该项目的结果将提高我们对行动执行过程中快速，灵活决策的基本的大脑结构和神经信息流的理解。这对于通过诸如脑部损伤，中风和视神经的疾病以及更先进的神经假体的设计等疾病引起的障碍具有重要意义，以更好地为动态，现实生活环境中的截肢者服务。这项研究的目的是通过在选择方面进行选择的多个脑系统来互动，从而为人类决策提供了对人类决策的更全面的理解，以支持选择目标的选择。使用多方面的方法，包括行为，脑电图（EEG），功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和高级计算建模技术，该建议将研究支持在执行动作时支持快速决策调整的神经基板。具体来说，目标选择期间空间注意力的分配如何影响思维的变化？此外，在目标选择过程中，高阶皮质区域与眼睛和手动相关运动区域之间信息流的性质是什么？这些结果将是对在自然主义环境中复杂人类决策涉及的大脑机制更完整理解的重要一步。 NSF EPSCOR也支持该建议。