Dissertation Research: Linking coexistence at local and regional scales by assessing a dormancy-dispersal tradeoff

论文研究：通过评估休眠与分散的权衡，将地方和区域尺度的共存联系起来

• 批准号: 1500917
• 负责人: Nelson Hairston
• 金额: $ 2.09万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-05-01 至 2018-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1500917&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Linking; coexistence; local

Understanding how and if species can coexist stably in a fragmented habitat where patches are connected by dispersal is key to understanding the maintenance of biodiversity. The coexistence of similar species?ones that feed at the same level in a food chain, have similar life histories, and share predators?requires some form of tradeoff such that each is either limited by different resources or enemies, or each is a superior competitor to the other at some points in either space, time, or both. This project will elucidate the differences in life-history strategies of two grazing zooplankton, Moina macrocopa and Daphnia pulex/pulicaria, in a freshwater rock-pools on an island off the coast of Maine, USA. The dormancy and dispersal of each species will be examined to determine if these differences promote coexistence either alone or in combination with spatial and temporal variation. This study will experimentally test whether one species is superior at remaining dormant while one species is superior at dispersing, and will model whether or not this allows these two species to coexist. This project will train one Ph.D. student and multiple undergraduate students through field-assistantships and mentored independent projects. The research will be communicated to the public, K-12 students, and undergraduates from many institutions at a nearby biological field station. The research itself promotes the progress of science and has implications for national welfare through application to the management of biodiversity of fragmented habitats; the project also supports education and diversity.Understanding how and if species can coexist stably in a fragmented habitat is key to understanding the maintenance of biodiversity. The coexistence of similar species?ones that feed at the same trophic level, have similar life histories, and share predators?requires some form of tradeoff such that each is either limited by different resources or enemies, or each is a superior competitor to the other at some points in either space, time, or both. The differences in life-history strategies of two grazing zooplankton, Moina macrocopa and Daphnia pulex/pulicaria, will be elucidated for a freshwater rock-pool metacommunity on an island off the coast of Maine, USA. Life history strategies relating to dormancy and dispersal of each species will be examined and used to determine if these differences promote coexistence either alone or in combination with spatial and temporal variation. This study will experimentally test (1) whether one species is superior at remaining dormant while one species is superior at dispersing, and (2) whether or not this allows these two species to coexist in this metacommunity by measuring the necessary relationships to parameterize a mathematical dormancy-dispersal model to test the conditions for coexistence. The spatial and temporal dispersal rates of diapausing eggs and their establishment success will be measured by stocking focal pools surrounded by other pools in which the species are initially absent. These data will be combined with data on competition outcomes in both artificial mesocosms and manipulated rock pools. In addition to furthering our understanding of the maintenance of biodiversity, which can be applied to the management of naturally and anthropogenically fragmented habitats, this project will train one Ph.D. student and multiple undergraduate students through field-assistantships and mentored independent projects. Furthermore, the information about this project will be disseminated to visitors to Shoals Marine Laboratory, which includes the public, K-12 students, and undergraduates from many institutions.

了解物种如何以及是否可以在分散的栖息地中稳定共存，在碎片栖息地通过分散连接斑块是了解生物多样性维持的关键。类似物种的共存？在食物链中以相同水平喂食的物种，具有相似的生活历史并共享掠食者？需要某种形式的权衡，以使每个人都受到不同的资源或敌人的限制，或者每个人都在时空，时间或两者兼有的某些点上是彼此的优势竞争者。该项目将阐明在美国缅因州沿岸一个岛上的一个淡水岩石池中，两个放牧的浮游动物，Moina Macrocopa和Daphnia Pulex/Pulicaria的差异。将检查每个物种的休眠和分散，以确定这些差异是否单独或与空间和时间变化结合在一起。这项研究将在实验中测试一个物种在处于休眠状态时是否优越，而一个物种在分散方面表现出色，并且将模拟这两个物种是否可以共存。该项目将培训一位博士学位。学生和多个本科生通过现场辅助制和指导的独立项目。这项研究将与附近生物野外车站的许多机构的K-12学生和本科生传达给公众。该研究本身促进了科学的进步，并通过应用于零散栖息地的生物多样性来对国家福利产生影响。该项目还支持教育和多样性。理解物种如何以及是否可以在零散的栖息地共存是理解生物多样性维持的关键。类似物种的共存？以相同的营养水平进食，具有相似的生活史并共享掠食者？需要某种形式的权衡，以使每个人都受到不同的资源或敌人的限制，或者每个人都在时空，时间或两者兼有的某些点上是彼此的优越竞争者。两种放牧的浮游动物，Moina Macrocopa和Daphnia Pulex/Pulicaria的生活历史策略的差异将被阐明，以在美国缅因州海岸附近一个岛上的淡水岩石池元社区。将检查与休眠和分散有关的生活史策略，并用于确定这些差异是否单独促进共存，或与空间和时间变化结合在一起。这项研究将通过实验测试（1）一个物种在一个物种上保持休眠状态是否优越，而一个物种在分散方面表现出色，以及（2）这两个物种是否允许这两种物种通过测量必要的关系来参数化数学性休眠性 - 差异分散模型来测试与共存的条件来测试条件。通过库存鸡蛋的空间和时间扩散率将通过在最初不存在该物种的其他水池包围的焦点池来衡量。这些数据将与人工中库和操纵岩池的竞争成果的数据结合使用。除了进一步了解生物多样性的维持，这可以应用于自然和人为分散的栖息地的管理外，该项目还将训练一位博士学位。学生和多个本科生通过现场辅助制和指导的独立项目。此外，有关该项目的信息将被传播给包括公众，K-12学生和许多机构的本科生在内的浅滩海洋实验室的访客。