CAREER: Taking the hydrochemical pulse of the critical zone in small catchments of the Andes-Amazon

职业：掌握安第斯山脉-亚马逊小流域关键区域的水化学脉搏

• 批准号: 1455352
• 负责人: A Joshua West
• 金额: $ 49.89万
• 依托单位: University of Southern California
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-05-01 至 2021-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1455352&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Taking; hydrochemical; pulse; critical

Water's journey -- from precipitation through soils and groundwater to streams and rivers -- determines the quantity and quality of this economically and environmentally essential resource. Along its path, water mediates chemical reactions that transform rock into soil and that release nutrients, providing the sustenance for ecosystems. Basic scientific questions remain about how quickly water travels and what route it takes through watersheds. Answering these questions is vital for understanding the generation and maintenance of natural resources in Earth's critical zone. Recently developed analytical techniques and theoretical advances promise new insight from the chemical signatures carried by water. This project will develop an integrated research and education program to contribute such insight through detailed hydrochemical study in five small catchments in the Andes-Amazon of Peru. This study site provides a rare opportunity to gain widely applicable mechanistic understanding because of existing infrastructure, complementary ongoing research, and unique natural topographic gradients. Building on prior work in the Madre de Dios river basin, this project will focus on the transition from the steep, mountainous Andes to the lowland Amazon. Mountain-to-floodplain transitions are common hydrologic features but are poorly represented in existing observatories. The research will identify how hydrochemical processes vary over this transition and will explore mechanisms for observed variations. The project will center around three themes: (i) water residence times; (ii) concentration-discharge relationships of rock-derived solutes; and (iii) relationships between water sources for plants, catchment hydrology, and the availability of rock-derived nutrients. These themes will be explored using new hydrometric and high-frequency hydrochemical measurements. Samples will be collected from precipitation, streamwater, soilwater, and groundwater and analyzed for solute concentrations and water isotope ratios. The hydrochemical studies will be complemented by investigations of mineral distributions in soil, saprolite, and bedrock. New data will be interpreted in the context of topographic, denudation rate, plant root, and ecosystem nutrient datasets from other studies in the region. Water and soil sample collection, chemical analyses, and data interpretation will form part of a "Critical Zone Summer School" that comprises the core of the integrated research and education plan and will train upper-level undergraduate and beginning graduate students who will lead the next generation in this cross-disciplinary research area. This project will further broaden the reach of the "critical zone" conceptual framework through collaboration with landscape architects and through additional outreach and educational activities both in the US and in Peru.

水的旅程——从降水通过土壤和地下水到溪流和河流——决定了这种经济和环境重要资源的数量和质量。沿着它的路径，水介导化学反应，将岩石转化为土壤并释放养分，为生态系统提供生计。关于水流的速度和流域的路线的基本科学问题仍然存在。回答这些问题对于了解地球关键区域自然资源的生成和维护至关重要。最近开发的分析技术和理论进步有望从水所携带的化学特征中获得新的见解。该项目将开发一个综合研究和教育计划，通过对秘鲁安第斯山脉 - 亚马逊地区五个小流域的详细水化学研究来提供这种见解。由于现有的基础设施、正在进行的互补研究和独特的自然地形梯度，该研究地点提供了一个难得的机会来获得广泛适用的机制理解。该项目以马德雷德迪奥斯河流域之前的工作为基础，重点关注从陡峭多山的安第斯山脉到亚马逊低地的过渡。山脉到洪泛区的过渡是常见的水文特征，但在现有的观测站中很少得到体现。该研究将确定水化学过程在这一转变过程中如何变化，并将探索观察到的变化的机制。该项目将围绕三个主题：（i）水停留时间； (ii) 岩石来源溶质的浓度-排放关系； (iii) 植物水源、流域水文学和岩石来源养分的可用性之间的关系。将使用新的水文测量和高频水化学测量来探索这些主题。将从降水、溪流、土壤水和地下水中收集样品，并分析溶质浓度和水同位素比率。水化学研究将通过土壤、腐泥土和基岩中矿物分布的调查来补充。新数据将在该地区其他研究的地形、剥蚀率、植物根系和生态系统营养数据集的背景下进行解释。水和土壤样本采集、化学分析和数据解释将构成“关键区域暑期学校”的一部分，该暑期学校构成综合研究和教育计划的核心，并将培训高年级本科生和研究生，他们将领导下一代这一跨学科研究领域的一代人。该项目将通过与景观设计师的合作以及在美国和秘鲁开展额外的外展和教育活动，进一步扩大“关键区域”概念框架的范围。

项目成果

Mixing as a driver of temporal variations in river hydrochemistry: 2. Major and trace element concentration dynamics in the Andes-Amazon transition: MAJOR AND TRACE ELEMENT C-Q MIXING

混合作为河流水化学时间变化的驱动因素：2.安第斯山脉-亚马逊过渡带中的主量和微量元素浓度动态：主量和微量元素 C-Q 混合

• DOI: 10.1002/2016wr019729
• 发表时间: 2017-04
• 期刊: Water Resources Research
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Baronas, J. Jotautas;Torres, Mark A.;Clark, Kathryn E.;West, A. Joshua
• 通讯作者: West, A. Joshua

Glacial weathering, sulfide oxidation, and global carbon cycle feedbacks

冰川风化、硫化物氧化和全球碳循环反馈

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702953114
• 发表时间: 2017-07-31
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
• 作者: Mark A. Torres;Mark A. Torres;Mark A. Torres;Nils Moosdorf;Nils Moosdorf;J. Hartmann;J. Adkins
• 通讯作者: J. Adkins

Mixing as a driver of temporal variations in river hydrochemistry: 1. Insights from conservative tracers in the Andes-Amazon transition: ANDES-AMAZON TRIBUTARY MIXING

混合作为河流水化学时间变化的驱动因素：1.安第斯山脉-亚马逊过渡期保守示踪剂的见解：安第斯山脉-亚马逊支流混合

• DOI: 10.1002/2016wr019733
• 发表时间: 2017-04
• 期刊: Water Resources Research
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Torres, Mark A.;Baronas, J. Jotautas;Clark, Kathryn E.;Feakins, Sarah J.;West, A. Joshua
• 通讯作者: West, A. Joshua