CAREER: Taking the hydrochemical pulse of the critical zone in small catchments of the Andes-Amazon

职业：掌握安第斯山脉-亚马逊小流域关键区域的水化学脉搏

• 批准号: 1455352
• 负责人: A Joshua West
• 金额: $ 49.89万
• 依托单位: University of Southern California
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-05-01 至 2021-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1455352&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Taking; hydrochemical; pulse; critical

Water's journey -- from precipitation through soils and groundwater to streams and rivers -- determines the quantity and quality of this economically and environmentally essential resource. Along its path, water mediates chemical reactions that transform rock into soil and that release nutrients, providing the sustenance for ecosystems. Basic scientific questions remain about how quickly water travels and what route it takes through watersheds. Answering these questions is vital for understanding the generation and maintenance of natural resources in Earth's critical zone. Recently developed analytical techniques and theoretical advances promise new insight from the chemical signatures carried by water. This project will develop an integrated research and education program to contribute such insight through detailed hydrochemical study in five small catchments in the Andes-Amazon of Peru. This study site provides a rare opportunity to gain widely applicable mechanistic understanding because of existing infrastructure, complementary ongoing research, and unique natural topographic gradients. Building on prior work in the Madre de Dios river basin, this project will focus on the transition from the steep, mountainous Andes to the lowland Amazon. Mountain-to-floodplain transitions are common hydrologic features but are poorly represented in existing observatories. The research will identify how hydrochemical processes vary over this transition and will explore mechanisms for observed variations. The project will center around three themes: (i) water residence times; (ii) concentration-discharge relationships of rock-derived solutes; and (iii) relationships between water sources for plants, catchment hydrology, and the availability of rock-derived nutrients. These themes will be explored using new hydrometric and high-frequency hydrochemical measurements. Samples will be collected from precipitation, streamwater, soilwater, and groundwater and analyzed for solute concentrations and water isotope ratios. The hydrochemical studies will be complemented by investigations of mineral distributions in soil, saprolite, and bedrock. New data will be interpreted in the context of topographic, denudation rate, plant root, and ecosystem nutrient datasets from other studies in the region. Water and soil sample collection, chemical analyses, and data interpretation will form part of a "Critical Zone Summer School" that comprises the core of the integrated research and education plan and will train upper-level undergraduate and beginning graduate students who will lead the next generation in this cross-disciplinary research area. This project will further broaden the reach of the "critical zone" conceptual framework through collaboration with landscape architects and through additional outreach and educational activities both in the US and in Peru.

水的旅程 - 从降水到土壤，地下水到溪流和河流 - 决定了这种经济和环境基本资源的数量和质量。沿着其路径，水介导了将岩石转化为土壤并释放养分的化学反应，从而为生态系统提供了寄养。基本的科学问题仍然是关于水的行进速度以及通过流域所采取的路线的速度。回答这些问题对于理解地球关键区域自然资源的产生和维护至关重要。最近开发的分析技术和理论进步有望从水带来的化学特征中获得新的见解。该项目将开发一项综合的研究和教育计划，以通过在秘鲁安第斯山脉安第斯山脉的五个小流域中的详细水力化学研究来贡献这种见解。由于现有的基础设施，互补的持续研究和独特的自然地形梯度，该研究站点提供了难得的机会来获得广泛适用的机械理解。该项目以马德雷·迪奥斯河盆地的先前工作为基础，将重点放在从陡峭的山区安第斯山脉到亚马逊低地的过渡上。山到盆地的过渡是常见的水文特征，但在现有观测值中的代表不佳。该研究将确定水力化学过程如何随着这种过渡而变化，并将探索观察到的变化的机制。该项目将以三个主题为中心：（i）水住宿时间； （ii）岩石衍生溶质的浓度分离关系； （iii）植物的水源，流域水文学和岩石衍生营养素的可用性之间的关系。这些主题将使用新的水文和高频水化学测量进行探讨。样品将从降水，溪流，土壤水和地下水中收集，并分析溶质浓度和水同位素比。水化学研究将通过对土壤，腐生岩和基岩中矿物分布的研究进行补充。新数据将在该地区其他研究的地形，剥离率，植物根和生态系统营养数据集的背景下进行解释。水和土壤样本收集，化学分析和数据解释将成为“关键区域暑期学校”的一部分，该夏季学校构成了综合研究和教育计划的核心，并将培训将领导下一代跨学科研究领域的高级本科生和初学者。该项目将通过与景观建筑师的合作以及在美国和秘鲁的其他外展和教育活动来进一步扩大“关键区”概念框架的影响力。

项目成果

Mixing as a driver of temporal variations in river hydrochemistry: 1. Insights from conservative tracers in the Andes-Amazon transition: ANDES-AMAZON TRIBUTARY MIXING

混合作为河流水化学时间变化的驱动因素：1.安第斯山脉-亚马逊过渡期保守示踪剂的见解：安第斯山脉-亚马逊支流混合

• DOI: 10.1002/2016wr019733
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Water Resources Research
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Torres, Mark A.;Baronas, J. Jotautas;Clark, Kathryn E.;Feakins, Sarah J.;West, A. Joshua
• 通讯作者: West, A. Joshua

Glacial weathering, sulfide oxidation, and global carbon cycle feedbacks

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702953114
• 发表时间: 2017-07
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
• 作者: Mark A. Torres;Mark A. Torres;Mark A. Torres;Nils Moosdorf;Nils Moosdorf;J. Hartmann;J. Adkins