Quantifying the effects of an extreme earthquake on a large river system

量化极端地震对大型河流系统的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1053504
负责人：
A Joshua West
金额：
$ 29.48万
依托单位：
University of Southern California
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-05-01 至 2016-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1053504&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Quantifying effects extreme earthquake large

项目摘要

This project will assemble the first integrated picture of how key chemical and physical characteristics of a major river system are affected by extreme disturbance from a large earthquake, using as a basis for study the response of the Min Jiang, or Yangtze River, to the 2008 8.0 Mw earthquake in Wenchuan, China. This earthquake triggered widespread landslides in the Min Jiang catchment area, and our preliminary data indicate that these landslides significantly changed the amount and composition of sediment carried by the river, and the chemistry of the river water. In our research, which seizes the opportunity presented by this rare natural experiment, we will collaborate with colleagues from the UK, Germany, and China to combine (i) compilation and interpretation of hydrometric data from the Chinese Hydrologic Bureau, (ii) fieldwork to collect representative samples, and (iii) new analyses targeted to explore key geochemical signatures in material carried by the river. The results of our measurements will be compared to data collected before the earthquake. In particular, we will explore differences before and after the earthquake in (i) the amount of suspended sediment carried by the river; (ii) the 10Be concentration in riverbed sediments; (iii) the dissolved major element composition of river waters; and (iv) the concentration and flux of particulate organic carbon transported as part of river sediment. In rivers around the world, measurements of sediment concentrations, and of the chemical properties of sediment and river water, have been routinely used to understand some of the most important processes at the Earth?s surface such as 1) physical erosion and sediment mobilization that pose widespread engineering hazards and 2) mineral weathering and organic carbon transport that play central roles in the global carbon cycle. It is commonly assumed that measurements made at any one point in time on a river reflect what is going on over much longer periods of time. If very large disturbances that happen only very rarely ? such as an extreme earthquake ? have significant effects on these measured parameters, then our quantitative understanding of important processes like erosion, sediment mobilization, and the global carbon cycle may be incomplete. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China, provides an ideal and rare opportunity to explore whether this is the case, because the large-magnitude earthquake had such a significant effect in triggering landslides in the headwaters of the Yangtze River, and because we can take advantage of extensive data that were collected on the Yangtze prior to the earthquake. Our research will seize this opportunity by building an international collaboration that will apply a range of approaches to studying this river system.

该项目将汇集第一个综合图片，即主要河流系统的关键化学和物理特征如何受到大地震的极端干扰的影响，以研究Min Jiang或Yangtze River对2008 8.0 MW地震的反应的基础。这次地震引发了最小的江集水区的广泛滑坡，我们的初步数据表明，这些滑坡显着改变了河流携带的沉积物的数量和组成，以及河水的化学。 In our research, which seizes the opportunity presented by this rare natural experiment, we will collaborate with colleagues from the UK, Germany, and China to combine (i) compilation and interpretation of hydrometric data from the Chinese Hydrologic Bureau, (ii) fieldwork to collect representative samples, and (iii) new analyses targeted to explore key geochemical signatures in material carried by the river.我们的测量结果将与地震前收集的数据进行比较。特别是，我们将探索（i）河流悬挂的沉积物量之前和之后的差异；（ii）河床沉积物中的10BE浓度；（iii）河水溶解的主要元素组成；（iv）作为河流沉积物的一部分，颗粒有机碳的浓度和通量。在世界各地的河流中，经常使用沉积物浓度的测量以及沉积物和河水的化学特性，以了解地球表面上一些最重要的过程，例如1）物理侵蚀和沉积物动员，这些过程构成了广泛的工程危害，以及2）矿物质式和有机碳运输中的中心碳循环。通常认为，在河流上任何一个时间点进行的测量结果反映了更长的时间内发生的情况。如果很少发生的很大的干扰？例如极端地震？对这些测得的参数具有显着影响，然后我们对诸如侵蚀，沉积物动员和全球碳循环（诸如侵蚀，沉积物动员和全球碳循环）等重要过程的定量理解可能不完整。 2008年，中国四川的2008年Wenchuan地震提供了一个理想且难得的机会来探索是否是这种情况，因为大型魔力地震在触发杨氏河上游的山脉滑坡上具有很大的影响，因为我们可以利用在地震前收集到的大量数据的优势。我们的研究将通过建立国际合作来抓住这一机会，该合作将采用一系列研究河流系统的方法。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（2）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Earthquakes drive focused denudation along a tectonically active mountain front

DOI：
10.1016/j.epsl.2017.04.040
发表时间：
2017-08
期刊：
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Gen K. Li;A. West;A. Densmore;Zhangdong Jin;Fei Zhang;Jin Wang;M. Clark;Robert G. Hilton
通讯作者：
Gen K. Li;A. West;A. Densmore;Zhangdong Jin;Fei Zhang;Jin Wang;M. Clark;Robert G. Hilton

Competing Effects of Mountain Uplift and Landslide Erosion Over Earthquake Cycles