Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: A Geochemical Perspective On Productive Differentiation

博士论文改进补助金：生产力分化的地球化学视角

• 批准号: 1444978
• 负责人: Robert Drennan
• 金额: $ 2.52万
• 依托单位: University of Pittsburgh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2016-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1444978&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Geochemical

Researchers seek understanding of the processes that led to the very complex, large-scale societies in which most of the world's population now lives, and of the factors that bound their members together and fostered continued development. Such societies began to emerge separately in many parts of the world, providing an opportunity to investigate what underlying factors these early complex societies share, as well as how different contexts shaped them in varying ways. Archaeology is uniquely able to study the origins of complex societies because their beginnings occurred far back in time - well beyond the reach of written history. Since all human societies must provide their members with at least the basic necessities of life, economic organization is one of the keys to understanding why development flourished in some early complex societies and just how their trajectories took the courses that they did. Research focuses how some human groups initially built enough trust among different local groups that they could rely upon each other to produce goods that all families needed for their survival. This project will contribute to this effort by reconstructing the economics of one set of villages as they underwent such a transformation some 6,000 years ago. In the process it will further researchers' ability to put advanced analytical techniques in geochemistry to work in the effort to reconstruct ancient human relations better. It will provide training in these techniques to archaeology students, and it will foster deeper appreciation of anthropological research questions on the part of specialists in applying physical and chemical techniques to archaeological materials. This project will serve to further the scientific education of Mr. Tao Li, a doctoral candidate and provide the data necessary for his to produce a dissertation thesis. It will also serve to strengthen institutional ties between the University of Pittsburgh and the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Ancient pottery has always been a particularly important material to archaeologists because it was widely used, it breaks easily, and its fragments, once discarded, are preserved almost indefinitely. It is usually the most abundant material archaeologists recover from ancient complex societies. This project will use pottery as a window into ancient economic organization. By identifying the chemical fingerprints of different sources of clay for pottery making, the researchers will trace out the networks of distribution that brought pottery made at different places to the families of three Hongshan villages in northeastern China between about 4500 and 3000 BC. It will determine how complex these networks were, how extensive was the economic interdependence involved, and whether pottery production and distribution had important connections to emerging leadership roles and the first regional political integration.

研究人员寻求了解导致非常复杂，大规模社会的过程，其中世界大多数人口现在都居住，以及将其成员束缚在一起并促进持续发展的因素。这些社会在世界许多地方开始分别出现，提供了一个机会，可以调查这些早期复杂社会共享的根本因素，以及不同的环境如何以不同的方式塑造它们。考古学具有独特的能力来研究复杂社会的起源，因为它们的开端发生在很远的时代 - 远远超出了书面历史的范围。由于所有人类社会必须至少为成员提供生活的基本必需品，因此经济组织是理解为什么发展在某些早期复杂社会中发展的关键之一，以及他们的轨迹如何参加他们所做的课程。研究集中于一些人类最初如何在不同的本地群体中建立足够的信任，以便他们可以彼此依靠以生产所有家庭生存所需的商品。该项目将通过重建一组村庄的经济学大约6000年前进行这种转变，从而为这一努力做出贡献。在此过程中，它将进一步研究人员将高级分析技术投入地球化学的能力，以更好地重建古代人际关系。它将为考古学生提供这些技术的培训，并将在将物理和化学技术应用于考古材料方面对人类学研究问题的更深入欣赏。 该项目将有助于进一步对博士候选人Tao Li先生进行科学教育，并提供他提出论文论文所必需的数据。它还将有助于加强匹兹堡大学和中国科学院之间的机构关系。陶艺一直是考古学家特别重要的材料，因为它被广泛使用，它很容易破裂，并且片段丢弃，一旦丢弃了碎片，几乎无限期地保存。它通常是最丰富的物质考古学家从古老的复杂社会中恢复过来。该项目将以陶器作为进入古代经济组织的窗口。通过确定不同粘土来源的化学指纹用于制作陶器，研究人员将追踪分配网络，这些分布网络在大约4500年至公元前3000年之间，将陶器在不同地方带到了不同地方制造的陶器。它将决定这些网络的复杂程度，涉及的经济相互依存程度以及陶器生产和分销是否与新兴领导角色和第一个区域政治融合具有重要联系。