US-Italy planning visit to develop a new international collaboration to improve understanding of fault mechanics and earthquake hazards

美国和意大利计划访问以开展新的国际合作，以增进对断层力学和地震灾害的了解

• 批准号: 1444111
• 负责人: Richard Bennett
• 金额: $ 2.44万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-01 至 2018-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1444111&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: US; Italy; planning; visit; develop

Large and damaging earthquakes are caused by abrupt displacement (i.e., slip) across faults in the rocks near Earth's surface. However, not all slip across faults is abrupt. Indeed, for some faults, appreciable slip may occur without shaking the ground making them difficult to detect using traditional seismograph instruments. Understanding the difference between these two types of fault slip behavior is critical to our ability to gauge potential earthquake threats posed by active fault zones worldwide, including numerous hazardous fault zones in the United States. One of the best examples of a fault that appears to frequently slip with and without creating large earthquakes is the Alto Tiberina fault located in central Italy. The unusual geometry of this fault, which makes it among the most accessible faults in the world to studies using near surface observations, provides a unique opportunity to investigate the physical characteristics of faults that slide with and without violently shaking the ground. It is an ideal target for documenting the conditions under which faults pose the greatest threat of damaging earthquakes. The new collaboration that will be forged with support from the National Science Foundation Catalyzing New International Collaborations (CNIC) program sets the stage for the deployment of a network of modern strainmeter instruments designed specifically to detect small but diagnostic slip events on the Alto Tiberina fault across a very broad spectrum of fault behaviors. When combined with existing seismograph and geodetic technologies that have already been deployed by Italian partners, the new strainmeter network will allow for the first time measurements of the frequency, duration, and magnitude of sliding events, and their relationship to ground motion and earthquakes. The first task toward understanding fault slip behavior is the establishment of a Memorandum of Understanding outlining all aspects of the international collaboration, including: the roles and responsibilities for funding, siting, permitting, telemetry, data flow and archiving, routine site maintenance, data processing, and scientific collaboration. The formal collaboration that will be established will (1) enhance future research opportunities for early- and mid-career researchers from US-based institutions, (2) prepare the next generation of earthquake fault researchers in the United States, (3) provide future generations of United States scientists with significant professional experience beyond political borders early in their careers, and (4) generate a wealth of new information that will inform earthquake hazards assessments throughout the United States.

大而破坏性的地震是由突然的位移（即滑动）在地球表面附近的岩石上的断层中引起的。但是，并非所有的断层都突然滑落。 的确，对于某些缺点，可能会出现明显的滑动而不会摇晃地面，从而使它们难以使用传统的地震仪器进行检测。 了解这两种类型的断层滑移行为之间的差异对于我们衡量全球有源断层区域构成的潜在地震威胁的能力至关重要，其中包括美国许多危险断层区域。 在意大利中部的Alto Tiberina断层是，似乎经常在没有发生大地震的情况下经常滑倒的断层的最佳例子之一。 这种故障的异常几何形状使它在使用近表面观察的研究中成为世界上最易于接近的断层之一，它为研究故障的物理特征提供了独特的机会，该物理特征在不剧烈摇晃地面的情况下滑动或没有猛烈地摇晃地面。 它是记录故障构成破坏地震最大威胁的条件的理想目标。 在国家科学基金会催化新的国际合作（CNIC）计划的支持下，新的合作将为部署现代应变计仪器网络的部署奠定了基础，该网络专门旨在在非常广泛的断层行为中检测到Alto Tiberina故障上的小而诊断的滑移事件。 当与意大利合作伙伴已经部署的现有地震仪和大地测量技术结合使用时，新的应变计网络将首次允许首次测量滑动事件的频率，持续时间和幅度，以及它们与地面运动和地震的关系。 理解断层行为的第一个任务是制定理解概述国际合作各个方面的备忘录，包括：资金，选址，许可，允许，遥测，数据流和归档，常规站点维护，数据处理，数据处理，数据处理，数据处理和科学合作的角色和责任。将建立的正式合作将（1）增强来自美国机构的早期和中期研究人员的未来研究机会，（2）为美国的下一代地震过错研究人员做好准备，（3）为后代提供了一代美国科学家的重要专业经验，超越了职业生涯的早期政治界限，以及（4）在整个信息中都将为跨越地球范围造成了整个杂货的范围，该公司将为整个杂货店提供了众多的范围。